名词专项练习和讲解一．可数名词（1）规则变化:①一般在单数名词词尾加-s。
如：map → maps, boy→ boys, horse→ horses, table→ tables.②以s, x, ch，sh结尾的词加-es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, watch→watches, dish→dishes.③以o结尾的名词, 有生命的加-es, 如：tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes, hero→heroes;无生命的加-s如：phot o→photos, piano→pianos.【快速记忆：词尾字母若是o，常用三个已足够，要加-es 请记好，hero, tomato, potato。
(英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿)。
】④以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。
如：family→families, city→cities；⑤以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。
如：wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.★以-f或-fe结尾的名词，单数变为复数时，大多将-f或-fe变为-ves, 常见的有：“小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用小刀(knife)和树叶(leaf)把狼(wolf)放在架子(shelf)上，劈成了两半(half), 结束了它的生命(life)。
”★以-f或-fe结尾的名词,直接在词尾加-s的有：海湾(gulf gulfs)农奴(serf serfs)信(belief beliefs)酋长(chief chiefs)，悬崖(cliff cliffs)证据(proof proofs)上顶房)即房顶、屋顶roof roofs)（2）不规则变化变元音字母：man-men; woman-women; goose-geese; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; mouse-mice单复数同行：fish; deer; sheep特殊：child-children this---these(这些) that -- those(那些)国人：Chinese Japanese；Englishman- Englishmen ;Frenchman-Frenchmen; German-Germans 变中心词：lookers-on(旁观者)；brothers-in-law (n. 姐/妹夫) passers-by(过路人，行人)没有中心词的在词尾加s。
如：go-betweens(媒人)；grown-ups(成人) ；以man或woman+n.构成的复合词,两个名词都变复数.如: men drivers; women doctors二.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。
量化单位通常有pair, piece, cup, bottle, glass, box, bag等等。
如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.三.在汉语中属于可数范畴，但在英语中为不可数名词的某些词advice:忠告bread :面包chocolate:巧克力equipment:设备damage:损坏food:食物information:消息furniture:家具knowledge:知识homework :作业housework:家务water:水paper:纸progress:进步rice:米population:人口milk:牛奶四.有些名词虽然形式上是单数，但只看成复数mankind 人类people 人民police 警察五.多数集合名词，即可看作单数（作为一个整体），做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
也可看作复数（表示集体中的各个成员），做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
army 军队family 家group 小组eg: 1.Her family was well known in the region. 她家在该地区是名门望族。
2. His family all work in the city. 他的家人都在这个城市上班。
3. The family is not large. 这个家庭不大。
（指家庭这个整体）4. The family are all music lovers. 这家人都是音乐爱好者。
（指家庭成员）六.表示时间、距离、金钱、度量的名词可以与数词一起组成定语的复合结构，中间用连字符号连接，并且名词只能用单数形式。
a three-year study 一项为期三年的研究a ten-dollar bill 一张十美元的钞票七. 名词所有格名词所有格表示所属关系, (相当于汉语“…的”),在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加's。
如：Children's Day(儿童节), my sister's book(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加“ ' ”即可。
如：Teachers' Day; his parents' room(3)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现其它所修饰的词如：the barber's 理发店the doctor's （候诊室）(4)如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”；只有一个's，则表示“共有”。
如：John's and Mary's room（两间）John and Mary's room（一间）(5)复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。
如：a month or two's vacation(6双重所有格：①of +名词性物主代词②of+名词's 如：a friend of mine (我的一位朋友) , a friend of my father's (我父亲的一位朋友)(7)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所属关系。
如：a good daughter of the Party(党的好女儿); the title of the song(歌名);the cover of the book(书的封面)。
(8)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加's. 如：today's newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes' walk(十分钟的路程), China's population(中国的人口).一．可数名词的复数规则变化1.map__________ girl__________ pen__________ bag_____ c ar__________2.bus__________ brush__________ watch__________ box__________3.baby__________ city__________ country__________4.hero__________ potato__________zoo_________tomato_________ photo__________5.knife__________ leaf_______wolf________wife__________ life__________6.child__________foot__________ tooth__________ mouse__________ man__________7.German__________ Englishman__________ Chinese_________8.deer__________ sheep__________ yuan__________中等题1.There are two__________ over there. (watch)2.I like taking __________. (photo)3.l can see a __________and two __________ standing there. (man, woman)4.There are two baskets of__________ on the floor. (apple)5.Look at those__________. (child)6.He doesn't like these__________. (glass)7.How many __________can you see? (radio)8.There are more and more __________ drivers in Shanghai now. (woman)9.Give me some __________, please. (water)含性别的复合名词1.There are twenty __________ in our hospital.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctor2.__________ are usually careful in doing exercises.A. Girl studentsB. Girls studentsC. Girls’ studentsD.Girl’s students可数名词复数不规则变化1. ----What are these? --They are __________.A. deersB. radiosC. RadioesD.tomatos2. How many __________ are there in these __________?A. tomatos, photosB. tomatoes, photosC. tomatoes, photoesD.potatos,photoes3. Mr. Chen has two __________.A. toothsB. teethC. teethsD.toothes4. Here are __________ for you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD. some tomato5. Then the __________ began to eat the green __________ of young trees.A. deer, leafsB. deer, leavesC. deer, leafD. deers, leafs国人复数变化专项1.I met some __________ in the park and talked with them the other day.A. JapaneseB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. English2. --- Excuse me, are you __________? --- Yes, I’m from __________.A. Japan, JapaneseB. China, ChineseC. England, EnglishD.American, America3. A group of __________are talking with two__________ over there.A. Frenchmen, GermansB. Frenchmen, GermenC. Frenchmen, GermanD. Frenchmanes, Germans4. Yesterday a few __________ came to visit some__________ in Shantou.A. German, places of interestB. Germans, places of interestsC. Germans, places of interestD. Germen, places of interest。