2018年二模首字母1.奉贤区：【难度】☆☆C. Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。

每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）Zhang Ming, a college graduate from Shandong, created a 9-page “WeChat guide”. With drawings and simple words, the step-by-step guide e 81 how to send messages, take pictures and make video calls. Zhang made the guide for his parents. “My parents are getting old. They need an easy way to learn how to use technology,” he said.Zhang’s experience is c82 nowadays. Worldwide, 40 percent of parents learn about new technologies, including computers, mobile Internet and social media, fromtheir children, according to a study from the International Communication Association in 2017.Parents u 83 to teach their kids about almost everything. Now for the first time, the teachers become the students, and the students turn into the teachers.The c 84 of the roles comes from the rapid development of society and technology, says Zhou Xiaohong, a sociology professor from Nanjing University. Zhou said the Internet and otherforms of media give children ways to get information b 85 from asking older generations. Therefore, in the age of information, it’s possible that children know more than their parents do.According to the China Internet Network Information Center, 56.7 percent of Internet users and67.2 percent of social media users in China are under the age of 30. The younger generationu 86 acts as a link between their family and the new environment. But when they teach theirparents new technologies, parents can connect to the new world by themselves, noted Zhou.In Zhang Ming’s eyes, teaching his parents about WeChat brings him c87 to his parents. “People can communicate more by using new technology. Why should we keep our parents out?” said Zhang.Keys:81. explained mon 83. used 84.change 85. besides 86. usually 87. closer2.黄浦区：【难度】☆☆☆C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）:（14分）Grades are important, but they are not the only measure.I have come to understand that exam grades are not the only purpose of schools, and grades a81 are not enough.Studies show that some of the high-flying students have troubled lives, finding it difficult to getgood jobs or become great parents or partners. A 82 graduation, students come to realize whatthey have learned at school has not really prepared them for the next step.Increasingly, teachers are getting to know the idea of “learning from our failures.” If you’v failed at anything, you’ve certainly never t83 anything new. Exam grades are important and we84encourage all students to aim high and to do well. But they don’t msuccess.I once asked my students to consider the chef Gordon Ramsay, and how he became sosuccessful. They were surprised to find that he didn’t have a good performance at school and hedidn’t s85 become a great chef. In an interview, he explained that he worked long hours for verylittle money, learning everything he could. He took chances even if they seemed i 86 . He mademistakes but he cheered himself up and moved forward. His success didn’t come from grades, itcame from his character: courage, effort and confidence.We should develop social skills through the whole school as an important p 87 of learning.This is why there is a focus on performance, sport and other activities. These life skills will workhand-in-hand with knowledge to enable students to do well in their future life.Keys:81. alone 82.After 83.tried 84.mean 85.suddenly 86.impossible 87.part3.金山区：【难度】☆☆☆C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。

每空格限填一词，首字母已给。

)（14分）I still remember my first 10,000m race. That was an unforgettable experience. I was not good atrunning. I was not strong enough, either. Why did I take part in the race? That's because of myvolunteer work. When I was 14 years old, I volunteered to work atthe water station at a 10,000m race. My job was to pass out water tothe runners. I felt e 81 when I saw all the different kinds ofpeople pass by and take a cup of water hurriedly. Some ran past,some walked past and a few wheeled past. After seeing so many t82 of people do it, I thought maybe I could also do it. So the nextyear I signed up for the race.During the race, I jogged, I walked, I jogged and I walked. Sometimes I was even not sure i83 I could finish. Then came an important moment.At one point near the end, an old man ran past me, very, very fast. Therefore, I wasembarrassed because I was much younger than him, but I couldn’t keep up with him. I felt hopelessfor a second. But then I r 84 something. He was running his race and I was running my race.He had different abilities, experience, training and goals for himself. I had m 85 . Remember mygoal was only to finish.I learned something important at that moment. I turned my embarrassment into inspiration (鼓舞). I decided that I would not give up though many people ran past me. As I c 86 the finish line,I was proud of my success.In life we all have those moments when we compare ourselves with others. It’s only n87 . Don’t a llow those moments to weaken you. Turn them into motivation (动力) and let theminspire you.Keys:81.excited 82.types 83.if 84.realized 85.mine 86.crossed 87.natural4.静安区：【难度】☆☆☆☆C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) (14分)There’s no place like homeust like the ones in Some people dream of having a home ‘ｊdecorating magazines’. T hat sort of beautifully stylish home may be n81 , but for a truly special place to live, why not choose a homeunlike any other in the neighbourhood? The unique(独一无二的)houses on these pages challenge people to reconsider what a home is s 82 to look like.Environmentally friendly homes are getting a lot of a 83 these days. Earthships, forexample, are unusual homes made from materials like mud, straw and reused wood. The designersof earthships combine these natural materials with recycled i 84 , such as bottles, cans and oldtyres. These homes show their belief that, when it comes to saving the environment, ‘if you aren’t part of the solution, you’re part of the problem.’Additionally many of these homes use wind or solar power. They are designed to collect andrecycle water, and the people who live in them often add a greenhouse in which to grow food. As aresult, if you live in an earthship, your monthly living costs will d 85 to almost zero. For peoplewho want to try one out, the Phoenix Earthship in the US is available as holiday accommodation(住宿).Shipping containers are now being reused to make a 86 type ofenvironmentally friendly home. A number of architects have started changing individual containersinto holiday homes. Alternatively they can be combined to make office blocks and blocks of flats,such as those Container City in London, England.With all of the examples of imaginative homes, it is clear that people no longer need to settle forordinary living spaces. One thing is sure: people living in homes that look as s 87 as these neverhave to give anyone their address. They can just say, ‘Look for the weird house. You will know itwhen you see it.’Keys:81. nice 82. supposed 83. attention 84. items 85. drop 86. another 87. strange5.闵行区：【难度】☆☆☆C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）Something changed a few years ago. Around 2012, teens started to spend their time muchdifferently from the generations before. I started to notice big differences in teens’ b___81___ and attitudes in the yearly survey of 11 million young people.A 2017 survey found that two out of three U.S. teens owned an iphone. For this reason, Icallthem iGen（iphone generation）.What makes iGen different?Growing up with a smart phone has affected nearly every aspect of their lives. They spend somuch time on the internet, texting friends and on social media, an average of about six hours per day,so they have less free time for everything else. That i___82___ going to parties, shopping at the mallor watching movies with their friends. These were o___83___ the favorite activities of most teens.But now iGen teens are taking part in these social activities at a lower rate than others.A link that should be noticedI wondered if these changes might be c___84___ to their deteriorating（退化）mental health. Sureenough, I found that teens who spend more time on screens are less happy and more disappointed.Meanwhile, a 2017 study asked some adults to give up Facebook for a week and others to continueusing it. Those who gave up Facebook felt happier, less l___85__ and less disappointed during theweek as they had more free time for social activities like meeting friends, watching movies, etc.What else is lost?Spending less time with friends means less time to develop social abilities. A 2016 study showedthat the sixth graders who spent just five days at a camp w___86___ using screens ended timebetter at reading expression on others ’ faces.That isn ’t to say that iGen teens don ’t have a___87___. They are physically safer and more tolerant （宽容）. They also seem to have a stronger work spirit and more realistic expectations. T o my surprise, the iGen teens I interviewed said they preferred seeing their friends in person to communicating with them using their phones.But it might be just what iGen needs.Keys:81. behaviors 82. includes 83. once 84. connected 85. lonely 86. without 87. advantages6.徐汇区：【难度】☆☆☆C Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给):（14分）Question AnswerDear Dale,My friend asked me to do somethi ng that ’s against the rules. I wanted to sayno, but I was afraid that she would get mad at me, so I did it anyway. Now shewants me to do it a 81 . How can I tell her no?Dear White Shirt,We never want to disappoint our friends, but weshould never do things that we shouldn ’t do just to make others happy.Throughout your life, you will probably be asked to do things that you don’t think you shoul do. It sounds like you could have a problem saying no to people, but rather than be direct (直接的),there are other ways to deal with this kind of s 82 .Instead of simply saying “No ”, try to give reasons for your d83 . For example, if a friend asked you to swim in the river but you didn’t want to, you could say, “I don ’t thin wise. The water ’s very cold and there ’sn 84 around to help us if we get into danger.”It ’s wrong of your friend to risk getting you into trouble. If she were a t85 friend, she wouldn ’t ask you to break the rules. If she asks you to do something you don’t want to next ti just explain to her w86 you don ’t want to do it. You should never do anything that youKeys:81. again 82. situation 83. decision 84. nobody 85. true 86. why 87. sorry7.杨浦区：【难度】☆☆☆☆C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)（14分）Today we’re going to school by bus as usual. We normally leave home at 8 a.m., but we’releaving e 81 because we’re testing some new devices for this month’s report. All these devicesare useful when you’re travelling. So, what have we got?First up is the Briefskate. It’s made of wood, so it looks like a normal skateboard, but you cans 82 for books and a mobile or an iPad. In my opinion, it’s useful andopen the top. Inside there’sfun, but Tina and I can’t skate, so we can’t test it ...The n 83 device is the UE Boom 2. It’s a small speaker with a really big sound! It’s about the size of a can of drink, so you carry it with you easily and enjoy listening to your music. It’spowerful enough to f 84 a large room with music, so you can have a party wherever you are!And the battery lasts for fifteen hours.Taking selfies（自拍）is fun, but sometimes you’d like your selfie stick to be just a litt le bit longer.w 85 it on your arm likeWell, the Nixie is the perfect device for you! It’s a camera that flies! Your 86 to take a photo, you let it go and it flies up intoa watch, so it’s easy to carry. When you’rethe air. It knows where you are and it can follow you to take some awesome photos. It then comesback down, you catch it and put it back on your arm. Simple! The Nixie isn’t a 87 to buy yet, butyou can put your name on the list to get one as soon as they’re on sale.Keys:81. earlier/early 82. space 83. next 84. fill 85. wear 86. ready 87. available8.宝山/嘉定区：【难度】☆☆☆C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）Do you dream of growing up quickly so you can spend you own mone y?Earning money isn’tjust for grown-ups. Kids can do it, too.also a learning process. By working to earn your own Earning gives you more than money. It’ｓmoney, you’ll learn how to a___81___ success in the future. This includes dealing with money, unde rstanding and getting along with other people, using what you’ve learned from textbooks and using your time wisely.Earning is good for you. Money gives you c___82___. If you want to buy a better birthday gift foryour grandpa, the extra money you earn helps!Money gives you independence. When you earn your own, you don’t h ave to depend on someone else to hand you something. Forty yuan that you earn yourself makes you feel p___83___than 160 yuan from your parents.But don’t r___84___ to earn. Remember, what you’re studying now builds up your earning powerin later life.Here are some easy ways for you to earn money if you want to try:（合法的）.What are you good at? What do you like to do? Make sure it’s s___87___ and legalDiscuss your ideas with your parents. You need them to say“yes”．Keys:81. achieve 82. choices 83. prouder 84. rush 85. agree 86. practicing 87. safe9.崇明区：【难度】☆☆☆C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）Facts you don’t know about animalsPeople have already known a lot about animals. However, there are still some things about animals that may surprise you. Here are some facts about animals you probably didn’t know.CowsCows do have best friends and feel stressed(焦虑的) when they are separated (分开). Sometimes they even a 81 humans when they are toonervous and angry. However, scientists also found that cows are very socialanimals and a cow always makes friends with other cows in the herd (兽群). Whena cow is with its friend, its heart rate is reduced compared with when it is a 82 or with a cowfrom another herd.PenguinsDuring breeding (繁殖) season, a male penguin will offer a pebble(卵石) toa female penguin as a g 83 . If she takes it, they will become partners.When the female penguin lays an egg, she and her husband may c 84 it on their feet, because some penguins don’t build nests.CrocodilesWhen crocodiles eat something, they always swallow (吞) their prey. They don’t chew it like other animals. To help with digestion(消化), they swallow stoneswhich grind up the food in their stomachs. But these stones canh 85 be defecated (排泄掉), so they may stay in their stomachs all their lives.ElephantsElephants use plants to get rid of p 86 or other illness. Scientists once found a pregnant(怀孕的) elephant in Kenya who kept eating a kind of plant for a few days,while this kind of plant was not part of her regulard 87 . Four days later, she could give birth to a baby elephant quietly.The same plant was used by the local women to help with labor (分娩).Do you find these facts amazing? Maybe you can introduce some of them to your friends andsee how surprised they are when they know the facts!Keys:81. attack 82. alone 83. gift 84. carry 85. hardly 86. pain 87. diet/dinner10.普陀区：【难度】☆☆☆C. Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) (14分)When children play games, they don’t need areferee(裁判). They have their own rules in playing games. They seldom find it necessary to keep scores because they don’t worry about who wins or loses. They even don’t c81 if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend alot on luck, so that their a 82 are not so important. They also enjoy games that move instages in which they choose leaders and pick up sides.Grown-ups r 83 find children’s games exciting, andthey often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple gamesagain and again. However, it is found that a child plays games forsome important r 84 . He can be a good player withouthaving to think whether he is a popular person, and he can findhimself being a u 85 partner to someone who is morepopular in real life. When it is his turn to be the leader, everyonefollows his orders. This makes him feel more c 86 .It seems that when children play a game, they i 87 a situation under their control.Unlike real life, in this situation they make the rules themselves, and more importantly, everyoneplays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has achance to win.Keys:81.care 82.abilities 83.rarely 84.reasons eful 86.confident 87.imagine11.青浦区：【难度】☆☆☆☆C. Read the passage and fill the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) (14分)Liyuan LibraryLiyuan Library (篱苑书屋), known as one of China's most beautiful bookstores, is located in asmall hillside village near Beijing.The project, designed by architect Li Xiaodong, was built with40,000 wooden sticks. In the village, Li found large amounts ofwooden sticks piled around each house. The villagers gather thesesticks all year round to fuel their cooking stoves (炉子). Thus they decided to use this o___81___material in a special way.“This project is about the relationship of a building to the surroundings and i___82___ role (角色) in serving the community (社区), rather than a building as an individual object,”　Li told the visitors.In the two-and-a –half years of the operation, Liyuan Library has experienced unexpected levelsof use and appreciation. A new bus s___83___ has opened close by for the frequent visits by thousands of people, including local villagers, tourists from the Beijing urban area, and many international visitors as well.“Everybody is f___84___ to visit,” explained Li. “However, visitors are encouraged to bring two books to the library, and take one back home from the collection in order to keep the place a centerof k___85___ exchange.”　Instead of adding a new building in the village, they chose this site in the nearby mountains, apleasant five-minute walk from the village center. In doing so, they could p___86___ a place forclear thoughts when one takes the effort to head for the reading room.Li described his practice in the following way: “We try to m___87___ technology, community, local materials, modern thinking and a traditional sense of identity together.”　Keys:81. ordinary 82. its 83. stop/station 84. free 85. knowledge 86. provide 87. mix12.松江区：【难度】☆☆☆C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。