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荔枝_龙眼及龙荔的茎解剖结构比较_张永福_韩丽_黄鹤平_陈泽斌_任禛_刘佳妮_彭

( 1. School of Agriculture,Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China; 2. Engineering Research Center for Urban Modern Agriculture of High Education in Yunnan Province,Kunming 650214,China)
植物的导管组织结构,尤其是次生木质部的解 剖特征,一直被植物分类学家所应用。20 世纪 50 年代,喻诚鸿[5,6]总结了木材解剖在植物系统分类 中的应用; 之后,吕静等[7]对伯乐树( Bretschnei-
dara sinensis Hemsi. ) 、张新英等[8]对十齿花( Dipentodon sinicus Dunn. ) 进行了木材结构特征研 究,并与其近缘属木材的异同进行比较,探讨其亲 缘关系。基于此,我们采用徒手切片法和组织离析 法对荔枝、龙眼及龙荔进行茎解剖结构的观察比较 研究,以期为荔枝、龙眼及龙荔种间及种内不同品 种的亲缘关系及演化提供解剖学依据。
文章编号: 2095-0837( 2014) 06-0551-10
Comparisons of Stem Anatomical Structures among Litchi,Longan and Longli
ZHANG Yong-Fu1,2 ,HAN Li1,2 ,HUANG He-Ping1,2 ,CHEN Ze-Bin1,2 , REN Zhen1,2 ,LIU Jia-Ni1,2 ,PENG Sheng-Jing1,2
次为: 周皮、皮层、维管组织、髓和射线,但其结构特征总体上差异较大; 龙眼种质的平均髓率( 26. 19% ) 显著
Hale Waihona Puke 高于龙荔( 22. 43% ) 和荔枝( 6. 96% ) ,各试材间,褐毛荔枝的髓率最小( 3. 37%) ,‘三月红’居中( 14. 14% ) ,
野生龙眼最大( 30. 27% ) ; 荔枝的树皮率( 41. 93% ) 显著大于龙眼( 33. 21% ) 和龙荔( 29. 83% ) 。( 2) 各试材的 导管密度未见明显规律,以‘三月红’的导管密度最小( 93. 17 个 / mm2 ) ,龙荔次之,为 101. 78 个 / mm2 ; 荔枝
植物科学学报 2014,32( 6) : 551 ~ 560 Plant Science Journal
DOI: 10. 11913 / PSJ. 2095- 0837. 2014. 60551
荔枝、龙眼及龙荔的茎解剖结构比较
张永福1,2 ,韩 丽1,2 ,黄鹤平1,2 ,陈泽斌1,2 ,任 禛1,2 ,刘佳妮1,2 ,彭声静1,2
( 1. 昆明学院农学院,昆明 650214; 2. 云南省高校都市型现代农业工程研究中心,昆明 650214)
摘 要: 为了观察荔枝、龙眼和龙荔茎解剖结构的异同,采用徒手切片法和组织离析法,对荔枝、龙眼和龙荔
20 份材料的茎横切面结构和导管分子的特征进行了比较研究。结果表明: ( 1) 各试材的茎横切结构由外到内依
Abstract: To observe similarities and differences in stem anatomical structures among litchi, longan and longli,we compared the stem transverse structures and vessel elements of 20 different materials among litchi,longan and longli by free hand section and tissue segregation procedure,respectively. The results showed that ( 1) The stem structure of the experimental materials from the inside to the outside was periderm,cortex,vascular tissue,pith and ray, but their structure characteristics exhibited great differences. Average pith rate of longan germplasm ( 26. 19% ) was significantly greater than that of longli ( 22. 43% ) or litchi ( 6. 96% ) germplasm,and among them the lowest pith rate was found in Litchi chinensis var. fulvosus ( 3. 37% ) ,followed by ‘Sanyuehong ’( 14. 14% ) ,and wild longan ( 30. 27% ) . In addition, the bark rate of litchi ( 41. 93% ) was significantly greater than that in longan ( 33. 21% ) and
收稿日期: 2014-01-13,退修日期: 2014-02-14。 基金项目: 云南省教育厅科学研究项目( 2012Z097) ; 昆明学院引进人才科研项目( YJL11030,YJL12002) 。 作者简介: 张永福( 1981-) ,男,云南弥勒市人,博士,副教授,研究方向为果树遗传育种( E-mail: 123017360@qq. com) 。
其它试材。( 4) 导管分子短、孔径大、端壁倾斜度小( 或水平) 、无尾、孔纹、单穿孔板均是导管分子进化的特
征; 在荔枝试材中,‘三月红’的导管分子较为进化,而褐毛荔枝则较为原始。( 5) 对茎结构特征指标进行聚类
分析,结果显示,20 份试材首先聚为 2 大类,荔枝 12 份试材( 除‘三月红’外) 聚为第 1 大类; 龙眼 6 份试材、
的导管总面积 / 木质部面积的比值显著大于龙眼和龙荔; ‘三月红’的射线宽度( 22. 13 μm) 显著大于其它试材。
( 3) 20 份试材的导管分子绝大多数属于孔纹式或网纹式,极少数为环纹式或螺纹式或梯纹式; ‘三月红’的导管
分子内径( 35. 97 μm) 显著大于其它试材,龙荔次之( 33. 90 μm) ; 褐毛荔枝的导管分子( 238. 52 μm) 显著长于
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longli ( 29. 83% ) . ( 2) Vessel density of each tested material was not obviously regular,with ‘Sanyuehong ’ ( 93. 17 No. / mm2 ) exhibiting minimum vessel density,followed by longli ( 101. 78 No. / mm2 ) ; total vessel area / xylem area of litchi was significantly higher than that of longan and longli; the ‘Sanyuehong’( 22. 13 μm) ray was significantly wider than that of the other tested materials. ( 3) Vessel elements mostly belonged to pitted or reticulate vessels, but did include a few ringed,spiral or scalariform vessels in the 20 accessions. Vessel diameter of ‘Sanyuehong’( 35. 97 μm) was significantly higher than that of the other tested materials,followed by longli ( 33. 90 μm) ,with and L. chinensis var. fulvosus ( 238. 52 μm) significantly longer than other specimens. ( 4) The vessel elements of large aperture,short, end wall of small inclination ( or level) ,no tail,pitted pattern,and simple perforation plate were evolutionary vessel element traits. In litchi germplasm, the vessel elements of ‘Sanyuehong’were evolutionary,and L. chinensis var. fulvosus was more primitive. ( 5 ) Cluster analysis of the stem index structures found that the 20 accessions were firstly divided into two categories. The first category was Litchi germplasm resources, except ‘Sanyuehong ’,and the second category included all longan germplasm resources,longli and litchi‘Sanyuehong’. These two categories were then divided into eight groups,with each group having significant features alone. Comparison of species anatomical stem features showed that litchi was more primitive than longan,and longli was in the middle. Key words: Litchi; Longan; Longli; Stem; Transection structure; Vessel element
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