2018届高考必考语法精讲之动词时态和语态(w o r d版)精品文档2018 届高考必考语法精讲：动词的时态和语态语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16 种时态。

《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。

2015 年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61 题（语法填空）考查了动词arrive 的一般过去时arrived；第71 题（短文改错）考查了think 变为过去时thought；第75 题（短文改错）考查了被动语态，删掉been；第79 题（短文改错）考查了将动词过去时的found 变为现在时的find。

2016 年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62 题（语法填空）考查了allow 的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed；第74 题（短文改错）考查了将过去时had 变为现在时的have；77 题（短文改错）考查了将using 变为被动used。

2017 年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64 题（语法填空）考查了remove 的一般现在时的被动语态are removed；第74 题（短文改错）考查了将动词goes 变成一般过去时went。

各种时态构成表：（以do 为例）一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/does is/am/are doing has/have done has/have been doing过去did was /were doing had done had been doing将来shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing过去将来would do would be doing would have done would have been doing一、一般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。

（1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes（2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：carry→carries（3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches，finish→finishes2．功能：（1）表现在的事实、状态或动作。

例如：①I have a dream.②She loves music.③Mary's parents get up very early.（2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与often，sometimes，usually，always，every week，occasionally，frequently，seldom 等时间副词连用。

例如：精品文档①I always take a walk after supper.②She writes to me very often.③She is an English teacher.（3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实。

例如：①The earth moves around the sun.②The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.③Two and two makes four.④No man but errs.（4）表示将来发生的动作：A．在由when，after, before，as，as soon as，although，because，if，even if，in case，till，until，unless，as long as，where，whatever，wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。

例如：①I'll tell her when she comes tomorrow.②Even if it rains this afternoon, I'll meet you.③Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed.④I'll be right here waiting for you wherever you go.B．按时间表将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。

例如：①The play begins at 6:30 this evening.②When does the plane take off?③He leaves for that city next week.④According to the timetable, the train starts at 9 o’clock.二．一般过去时：动词的过去式1．表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。

例如：①We visited the school last spring.②I went to school by bike when I was in middle school.③China was founded in 1949.2．在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。

例如：①She told me she would’t go with us if it rained the next day.②They would not leave until she came back.③His girlfriend promised to marry him once he bought her a big house.三．一般将来时：shall / will + 动词原形1．表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如：①He will graduate from the college next year.精品文档②We shall finish our work as quickly as possible.2．将来时的其它结构。

例如：I .is/am/are going to do sth.（美国口语中常读作be gonna）①I'm going to buy a new car this fall.②He is going to sell his house.注意：be going to 与will 的对比：下列情况须用will①I will be sixteen years old next year.②It will be the 20th of August tomorrow.③When he comes, I will give him your message.II. is/am/are + to do sth.表示计划安排做某事或征求意见。

例如：①Am I to take over his work?②We are to meet at the gate.III. is/am/are about to do sth. 即将做某事。

例如：①The talk is about to begin.四．一般过去将来时：would + 动词原形1.表示过去某时之后将出现的情况，通常用于宾语从句中。

例如：①He said that they would meet me at the station.②She told me that she would come to see me.2.表示过去习惯性动作（不管什么人称都用would）。

例如：①Whenever he had time,Tom would go to see his grandma.②The old couple would go for a walk after supper.注意句型：was/were about to do sth. when……正要做某事,这时……=was/were on the point of doing sth. when……（when 引导的从句要用一般过去时）例如：①He was about to go out when the telephone rang.②I was about to go shopping when it rained.③She was on the point of having supper when the light went off.五．现在进行时：is / am / are +现在分词1．表示现在正在进行的动作。

例如：①The water is boiling. Shall I make tea?②The workers are building a new bridge across the river.2．表现阶段正进行的动作。

例如：①He is taking physics this semester.②We are preparing for our final examination this week.③Don't you think you eat too much? You're putting on weight.3．go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。

例如：①Look! The bus is coming.②The old man is seriously ill, and he is dying.③Alice is leaving for Shanghai with her mother.4．与always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。

例如：①He is always thinking of others.②The boy is continually making noises.③The teacher is constantly criticizing her for being late.六．过去进行时：was /were +现在分词1．表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。

例如：①I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening.②When I arrived, they were watching TV.③They were doing housework this time last week.2．用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。