The World is Thirsty for WaterThe world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 70 percent of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97 pement of this huge amount is seawater, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3 percent——the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources.The amount of fresh water will not be enough for us. First, we cannot use all of the fresh water, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers, or deep underground. Second, some of it is being polluted. Third, our need for water is increasing rapidly——almost day by day. Only if we take steps to deal with these problems now can we avoid a serious worldwide water shortage in the future.One of the first steps we should take is to develop ways of reusing water. Today, in most large cities, water is used only once and then discharged into a sewer system. From there it goes to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks. But it is possible to pipe water that has been used to a purifying plant. There it can be used again. Another way is to make use of seawater by removing the salt. This is called desalinization, and it is already in use in many parts of the world.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Water Shortage. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below:1. Water shortage is becoming an urgent problem2. Possible solutions10. Water ShortageNo one can have failed to notice the fact that water shortage is a grave problem with which the whole world is confronted. Actually, it has become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s daily life and hindered the development of the global economy.A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones. First, with the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing amount of water is needed. Secondly, the ever-increasing population is another leading cause of water shortage. Besides, the global tendency of warming up also contributes to the problem. What’s worse, pollution and waste of fresh water aggravate the situation.In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. First, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to protect water resources. Secondly, people should enhance their awareness of saving water. With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to expect a brighter future.Air PollutionAir pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world. A great deal of energy is needed to run the factories of modern industrial nations. Automobile, trains, planes and busses need energy, too. Nearly all of this energy is produced by burning fuels. The burning produces wastes, some of which remain in the air, causing air pollution.Scientists are finding ways to stop air pollution especially in big industrial areas and densely-populated cities. They are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be less damaging to the environment. In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluted material. Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damage to the environment.However, it may be that we still have a long way to go before we have a "clean" world. Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control air pollution. There indeed seems to be no end to tasks that environmentalists will be required to do. People will continually find new ways to control pollution.Environmental ProtectionToday the quality of our natural environment has become an important issue. The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, life on earth cannot survive.Concerned people have made some progress in environmental protection. Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution.Still more measures should be taken to solve environmental problems. People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems, to use modern methods of birth control, to conserve(保存) our natural resources and recycle(再循环) our products. We are sure that we can have a better and cleaner place in the future.Direction: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the to pic Cars and Air Pollution. You should write no less than 120 words and base your com position on the outline below:1.私家轿车越来越多，有些问题随之产生2.比较明显的大问题有......3.我对这种现象的看法Car and Air PollutionToo many cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides co ngestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. All the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into t he atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing disease and even death.One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Sh anghai, some of the public buses begin to run on natural gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as the petrol. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars completely replace the traditional ones.Another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not buy private cars. And the total num ber of cars in big cities will reduce greatly.On the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the collective efforts from t he government, the public and the environmentalists.Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Pollution: An Increasing Concern in China You should write at least120 words following the outline below in Chinese.1. 中国的污染的现状2. 造成污染的原因3. 解决的办法Pollution: An Increasing Concern in ChinaIt is reported that ten big cities in China are being ranked among the top twenty cities with the highest pollution index in the world. This means it is high time we did something to bring the situation under control.Many factors are contributing to the deteriorating situation: industrial wastes pumped into the air, the lakes and rivers; a increasing number of automobiles crowding into the streets; the widespread use of plastic bags etc.To my view, stiffer laws and regulations must be implemented to check pollution. Industries that release wastes without permission should be heavily fined. Cars should be equipped to minimize the exhaust they release into the air. And the use of plastic bags and disposable meal boxes should be banned. What’s more, the media should play an important role in implanting a sense of environmental consciousness into people’s mind.If everybody works toward a common goal of making the environment better, we can create a cleaner and lovelier world for us and for the coming generation.2009年12月四级写作真题及参考范文Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline below in Chinese.1. 绿色校园的重要性，2. 什么样的校园是绿色的？3. 我们应该怎么做。