英语发音规则字母是书写英语单词的最小单位，音素是语言中最小的发音单位。
字母分为元音字母和辅音字母两种。
英语单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素并不都存在着对应关系。
有时一个字母对应一个音素，有时两个或三个字母对应一个音素。
字组指的是一个或几个字母在一起，发一个音素。
字组是拼读英语单词的基本单位，一个字组对应着一个音素。
字组能很好地体现出单词的拼写和读音之间的对应关系，一个字组总是对应着一个因素。
字组分为元字组和辅字组两类，元字组是对元音字母和元音字母组合的合称；辅音组是对辅音字母和辅音字母组合的合称。
A①在开音节中/eɪ/：name, plane, Jane, baby, cake②在闭音节中1一般读作/æ/：bag, dad, hat, map, black, back2后面字母为后面字母为st, ss, th时读/ɑ:/E①在开音节中/i:/：he, these, me, Chinese②在闭音节中/e/：bed, let, pen, desk, yes, eggI①在开音节中/aɪ/：bike, drive, time, nice, kite②在闭音节中/ɪ/：fish, big, drink, sit, milk, swimO①在开音节中/əʊ/：those, close, go, hoe, home, no②在闭音节中/ɒ/：clock, not, box, shop, sockU①在开音节中1./ju:/：student, excuse, duty, Tuesday2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时（辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]）, 读/u:/, 例如：June, blue, ruler, true。
②在闭音节中/ʌ/：bus, cup, jump, much, lunchA①在/w/音后面/ɒ/：want, what, watch, wash, quality②在f, n, sk, ph, sp, ss, st, th, lm前/α:/：after, plant, ask, grasp, glass, fast, fatherI在-nd, -ld和gh前/aɪ/：find, child, light, highO①在-st, -ld前/əʊ/：most, postcard, old, cold②在m, n, v, th前/ʌ/：come, monkey, love, motherA/ə/：China, another, woman, breakfast动词中的a如果处在开音节位置, 作动词后缀音, a读/eɪ/音, 例如：operate, a处在开音节位置,E/ə/：hundred, student, open, weekend, chicken, childrenI①/ə/：holiday, beautiful, family, animal②/aɪ/：exercise, satelliteO①/ə/：second, tonight, somebody, welcome②/əʊ/：also, zero, photoU①/ə/：autumn, difficult②/ju:/：popular, congratulation, January③在辅音字母j, l, r, s后面时, 读/ʊ/或/u:/音, 例如：July, influence, February, issue。
在非重读音节中, 许多单词中的元音字母a, e, i既可以读/ə/的音, 也可以读/ɪ/的音。
AR①/α:/：car, farm, dark, sharpener②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/：warm, quarter, towardsOR①/ɔ:/：forty morning short②/ɜ:/：word worker worseER, IR, UR/ɜ:/：certainly bird Thursday注：①辅音字母r双写时, 前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节, 而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。
例如：carry, sorry, hurry。
②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音, 例如：dollar, teacher, martyr, forget, Saturday。
ARE/eə/：care, dare, hareERE/ɪə/：here, mereIRE/aɪə/：fire, hire, wireORE/ɔ:/：more, score, beforeURE/jʊə/：pure, cure-RE/ə/：centre, fibre, titre, meagre, saltpetre注：①are, ere, ire, ore很少出现在非重读音节中, ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音, 例如：picture, pleasure。
②重读元音字母加r, 再加非重读元字组时, 重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读, 字母r读/r/音。
例如：parent, zero, story, during, inspiring。
③另外, 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如：orange, very, American, paragraph。
AI, AY/eɪ/：afraid, rain, wait, day, playAIR/eə/：air, hair, chair, pair, repairAL①在l, k前/ɔ:/：small, ball, talk, wall, all, talk,②/ɔ:l/：always, also, salt, almost③在f, m前/α:/：half, calmAU, AW/ɔ:/：autumn, daughter, drawEA①/i:/：teach, easy, cheap, please②/e/：heavy, bread, sweater, weather③/eɪ/：break, greatEAR①/ɪə/：hear, dear, near, clear, year②/eə/：bear, pear, wear, swear③/ɜ:/：earth, learn, earlyEE/i:/：jeep, week, green, threeEER/ɪə/：pioneer, deer, beerEI, EY①/eɪ/：eight, neighbour, they②/i:/：seize, keyEU, EW①在j, l, r, s后/u:/：flew, brew, jewelry, jewel②/ju:/：new, few, newspaperIE, EI/s/音之后/i:/：piece, field, receiveOA/əʊ/：coat, Joan, boat, goalOAR, OOR/ɔ:/：roar, board, door, floorOI, OY/ɔɪ/：noise, point, boy, toiletOO/u:/：broom, food, tooth, school, zoo/ʊ/：book, look, cook, foot, good, footballOU, OW①/aʊ/：flower, house, count, down②/əʊ/：know, row, throw, though③/ʌ/：young, country, enough④/u:/：group, soupOUR①/ɔ:/：course, your, four②/aʊə/：our, hour, sour③/ɜ:/：journeyOUL/ʊ/：would, should, could(主要是情态动词、助动词）UI①在j, l, r, s后/u:ɪ/：fluid, suicide, tuition②/u:/：juice, fruit, suitAI, AY, EI, EY/ɪ/：foreign, monkeyOW/əʊ/：yellow, sparrow, tomorrow注：元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。
例如：serious, famous, biscuit, coffee, neighbour -SION, -TION①/ʃən/：impression, nation②在元音字母后/ʒən/：vision, decision, occasion③在s后/tʃən/：question, suggestion-ISLE/aɪl/：aisle, Carlisle-STEN/sən/：listen-STLE/sl/：whistle-SURE/ʒə/：pleasure, measure-TURE/tʃə/：picture, culture复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号, 但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如：everyday/eɪ/, handbag/æ/, blackboard/ɔ:/。
有些词随着语言的发展, 前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义, 融合成为一个词。
其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如：holy（神圣）+day/eɪ/（日子）=holiday/ɪ/（假日）：break（中断）+fast/α:/（斋戒）=breakfast/ə/（早餐）；cup（茶杯）+board/ɔ:/（木板）=cupboard/ə/（碗柜）。
B①/b/：bike, bus, bag②/不发/：bomb, tombC①在e前或在i, y前/s/：face, decide, cinema, bicycle②其他情况/k/：cake, picture, coat, music③/tʃ/：cello, concertoCH①/tʃ/：much, chick, rich, teacher②/k/：school, headache, chemistry（主要为希腊外来词）③/ʃ/：machine, moustache（主要是法语外来词）-CK/CQ[k]：cock, pocket, black, knock, checque,CZ[tʃ]：CzechD/d/：doctor, bread, hand, day-DG(E)/dʒ/：bridge, fridgeDR-/dr/：children, driver, drinkDS/dz/：hands（主要用于可数名词复数）F/f/：five, four, breakfast/v/：ofG①/g/：bag, garden, go②在e, i, y之前一般读作/dʒ/, 少数例外, orange, large, German, apology, giant③e, i, y之前少数情况下读/ʒ/：genre, massageGH①/f/：cough, enough②/不发/：light, daughter, highGU-, -GUE①/g/：guess, league, dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)②/gw/：language, anguishH①/h/：hot, head, house, hand②/不发/：hour, honestJ①/dʒ/：jeep, jar, joke, join, June②/ʒ/：Jacques（用于法国人名）③/h/：Juanita（用于西班牙人名）K/k/：kind, bike, skate, make, weekKN-/n/：knife, know, knockL①/l/：life, lead, lot（出现在元音前面）②/ɫ/：milk, school, tall[出现在元音后面。