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Unit7 What’s the highest mountain in the world.
第1课时:形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
学习目标与重点:了解并掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法。
一、请你思考:什么是形容词和副词?
形容词可作定语修饰名词,也可作表语,表示人或事物的属性或特征等。
副词用来说明动作或状态的特征,说明时间、地点、程度等概念。
它用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或句子。
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级,即________ , __________和_____________.
二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成
(一)规则变化
.
三、形容词和副词等级的用法
(一)原级的用法
1. 只能修饰原级的词:very,quite,so,too。
例如:
He is too_________ ( tired) to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
My brother runs so ______(fast) that I can’t follow him.
我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
2. 原级常用的句型结构:
原级比较:as + adj./adv. +as(否定形式为not so/as + adj./adv. +as)例如:
You are as tall as me. = You are as tall as I (am).
He has as many books as I (have).
as在这里既可作介词又可作连词。
作介词时,后接人称代词的宾格。
作连词时,后接一个省略的比较状语从句。
表示倍数的词或其他程度副词作修饰语时放在as的前面。
例如:
This room is twice as big as that one.这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
(二)比较级的用法
1. 可以修饰比较级的词:much,a lot,far,a little,a bit,even甚至,still仍然。
例如:
Lesson One is much_________(easy) than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
Tom looks even __________(young) than before.汤姆看上去甚至比以前更年轻。
2. 比较级常用的句型结构
(1) 比较级+ than例如:
I got up _______(early) than my mother this morning.我今天早晨比我妈妈起床早。
(2) “甲+be+形容词比较级/ 实意动词+副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”,含义是“甲最……”。
例如:
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。
=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
注意:The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。
(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of t he two+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。
例如:
Look at the two boys. My brother is _________(tall) of the two.
看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
例如:
He is getting _______________(tall ).他变得越来越高了。
The flowers are _____________________( beautiful).花儿越来越漂亮了。
He does his homework _________________(careful).他做作业越来越认真了。
(5)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。
例如:
_______________(careful) you are,___________(few) mistakes you’ll make.你越认真,犯的错误越少。
(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级/实意动词+副词比较级,甲or乙?”例如:
Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个大,地球还是月球?
1比较对象相同时,可用that, those等代词代替第二个比较对象。
例如:
The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Wuhan.上海的天气比武汉的好。
2. “比较级+ than”与“not so/as + adj./adv. +as”的相互转换。
例如:
Maria is not so / as brave as Helen. = Helen is braver than Maria.海伦比玛利亚更勇敢。
3. 比较级必须是同类人或事物相比较。
例如:
My hair is longer than Tom’s. 我的头发比汤姆的长。
4. You are taller than me. = You are taller than I (am).
I don’t think his writing is more beautiful than yours.
than在这里既可作介词又可作连词。
作介词时,后接人称代词的宾格。
作连词时,后接一个省略的比较状语从句。
(三)最高级常用句型结构:
(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级/实义动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
例如:
Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
(2)“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
例如:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。
(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+形容词最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较。
例如:
Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?中国、巴西和加拿大相比,哪个国家最大?
最高级+(名词)+ 表示范围的短语“……是第二(三……)……”
the,副词最高级前可加可不加。
实战演练:用所给词的正确形式填空
1.This bag is a little _______(heavy) than that one.
2.Mr. Smith is a ______(good) teacher. He always helps us to learn math.
3.Dave is __________ (quiet) than most of the kids in his class.
4.Wang Ling walks as__________ (quick) as Lily does.
5. My sister is two years __________(old ) than I.
6.Tom is__________ (funny) than any other boy in his class.
7. My sister is __________________(athletic) than me.
8.The short one is _____________(expensive) than the long one.
9. Ann has ___________(many) apples than Amy.
10. He is much ___________(busy) than me.
11. It’s____________ (danger) to climb the tree.。