外文翻译原文及译文学院计算机学院专业计算机科学与技术班级学号姓名指导教师负责教师2012年6月Smart Home TechnologyLink your home's lighting, entertainment and security systems with new automated home technology.Smart home is expected to offer various intelligent services by recognizing residents along with their life style and feelings. One of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of residents. Currently, the research effort is focused on two approaches: terminal-based and non-terminal-based methods. The terminal -based method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resident while the non-terminal-based method requires no such device..There is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment . In general, the smart home aims to offer appropriate intelligent services to actively assist in the resident’s life such as housework, amusement, rest, and sleep. Hence, in order to e nhance the resident’s convenience and safety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia appliances, and internet appliances should be connected via a home network system, as shown in Fig. 1, and they should be controlled or monitored remotely using a television (TV) or personal digital assistant (PDA) .Especially, attention has been focused on location-based services as a way to offer high-quality intelligent services, while considering human factors such as pattern of living, health, and feelings of a resident . That is, if the smart home can recognize the resident’s pattern of living or health, then home appliances should be able to anticipate the resident’s needs and offer appropriate intelligent service more actively. For example, in a passive service environment, the resident controls the operation of the HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) system, while the smart home would control the temperature and humidity of a room according to the resident’s condition. Various indoor location-aware systems have been developed to recognize the resident’s location in the smart home orsmart office. In general, indoor location-aware systems have been classified into three types according to the measurement technology: triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity methods [8]. The triangulation method uses multiple distances from multiple known points. Examples include Active Badges , Active Bats , and Easy Living , which use infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and vision sensors, respectively. The scene analysis method examines a view from a particular vantage point. Representative examples of the scene analysis method are MotionStar , which uses a DC magnetic tracker, and RADAR , which uses IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN). Finally, the proximity method measures nearness to a known set of points. An example of the proximity method is Smart Floor , which uses pressure sensors.Alternatively, indoor location-aware systems can be classified according to the need for a terminal that should be carried by the resident. Terminal-based methods, such as Active Bats, do not recognize the resident’s location directly, but perceive the location of a device carried by the resident, such as an infrared transceiver or radio frequency identification (RFI D) tag. Therefore, it is impossible to recognize the resident’s location if he or she is not carrying the device. In contrast, non-terminal methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can find the resident’s location without such devices. However, Easy Liv ing can be regarded to invade the resident’s privacy while the Smart Floor has difficulty with extendibility and maintenance.Home automation has come a long way from the manual timer hooked up to the living room light. Today's "smart" home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise!New technologies and product advances have made home technology systems more affordable than ever and have brought home systems integration into the mainstream. According to a study done in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the U.S. are now using structured copper "smart" wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems.How it WorksThere are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology. Each has its advantages and disadvantages depending on whether you are wiring a new home or upgrading an existing home.∙Structured wiring involves running specialized high performance cabling throughout your home. It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, TVs and audio components. It's ideal for new construction but not always easy to install in an existing home. Also, networking is limited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs.∙Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners.However, wireless networks tend to be less reliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless phones.∙Power-line networks use a home's existing electrical lines to transmit data.They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unencrypted household network may be accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer.∙Phone-line networks use a home's telephone lines to carry multiple services.Typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they don't interfere with one another. Smart home technology may also enable you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a monitoring service in the case of a fire or break-in.While the possibilities for home automation are only limited by your imagination, the choices facing the average homeowner may seem daunting. The good news is that you do not need to become a technological expert in order to enhance your home's capabilities. A home technology integrator can design, implement, and tie together your home's various electronic systems. These include:Entertainment: You may have been impressed by a friend's home theatre setup one night, when they popped a movie in their DVD player and gave you the large screen, surround sound experience. But why not take this experience further? Using fairly simpleautomation technology, you could push a "movie" button on a touch pad in your family room. The lights would dim, the blinds would close, the popcorn maker would spring into action, the fridge would check for adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your answering service. With a little creativity and planning, all these events can be achieved using a home network.It would be equally simple, using motion sensors and your stereo system, to play music every time you enter a room in your home -- something upbeat, perhaps, for the home gym, maybe classical music for your study -- the possibilities are endless. Or you could sit in your living room and select the music you want to listen to via on-screen menus that are displayed on your TV.You could even monitor your children's television and video-game habits, when you're not at home by programming the network to alert your cell phone if your children watch too much television or inappropriate programming. Or you can simply program the TV or gaming console to shut off after a certain amount of time.Security: Using smart home automation technology, you can program your lights to simulate normal in-home activity when you're away. For example, some time around your regular bedtime, your bedroom lights and TV will turn on while the rest of the house will be darkened. And this lighting routine can be set up to change on the weekend.To protect against break-ins, you can position web cams at home entrances and install an alarm system that uses heat and motion sensors to alert you and a remote security company in the case of an intruder.In the case of fire, your smoke detector can be wired to sound not just an alarm but also to send a signal to your air-conditioning system fans to shut down, alert you and specified contacts and illuminate an evacuation route throughout the house.Energy: Energy savings can be realized by automating thermostats, lights and other environmental systems such as garden sprinklers and fountains. Integrating all of these into one environmental system can help ensure a minimum waste of energy in your home. For example, on a hot, sunny day, weather sensors can activate blind and drapery controls to shade your home, and ensure that your garden receives adequate irrigation at the right time of day. Motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controlsas you enter and exit rooms.Today’s new smart IR sensors represent a union of two rapidly evolvin g sciences that combine IR temperature measurement with high-speed digital technologies usually associated with the computer. These instruments are called smart sensors because they incorporate microprocessors programmed to act as transceivers for bidirectional, serial communications between sensors on the manufacturing floor and computers in the control room (see Photo 1). And because the circuitry is smaller, the sensors are smaller, simplifying installation in tight or awkward areas. Integrating smart sensors into new or existing process control systems offers an immediate advantage to process control engineers in terms of providing a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and control.When you leave for work in the morning, your house could "check" for and turn off unnecessary energy consumers such as radios, TVs, stoves and irons (a nice safety feature). On your way home, you could use your cell phone or computer to change the temperature in your home, turn on lights, turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak.Appliances: From toasters to fridges to picture frames, the possibilities for networking computerized household appliances are limited only by your imagination and budget. Your refrigerator can keep track of food expiration dates and act as a family message center via a built-in screen. Coffee makers and other small appliances (such as toasters) can be activated remotely or as part of a sequence of events. You can even imitate Bill Gates and install framed electronic artwork that changes depending on the preference of the person who enters a room, or purchase Internet-connected picture frames that retrieve images from a gallery supplied by your friends and family for a constantly updated family portrait wall.The key to making your home more comfortable, enjoyable and safe through home automation is to follow three essential steps:Plan: Discuss automation needs and wants with your family members so you can plan ahead. Take into consideration your home's layout in terms of traffic and furniture.∙Consult: Talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and learn about their experiences with home automation; what worked, what didn't, what do they wish they had done differently?∙Decide: What do you definitely want to be able to do? What is optional? Will you install the network yourself or leave it to a professional? What kind of network and what types of technology best suit your needs? Home automation, from security systems to intelligent appliances, is becoming an accessible reality. With some careful planning and a little help, you too can enjoy the benefits of a "smart"homeIntelligent Homes, Building Management Systems (BMS) encompasses an enormous variety of technologies, across commercial, industrial, institutional and domestic buildings, including energy management systems and building controls. The function of Building Management Systems is central to 'Intelligent Buildings' concepts; its purpose is to control, monitor and optimise building services, eg., lighting; heating; security, TV and alarm systems; access control; audio-visual and entertainment systems; ventilation, filtration and climate control, etc.; even time & attendance control and reporting (notably staff movement and availability). The potential within these concepts and the surrounding technology is vast, and our lives are changing from the effects of Intelligent Buildings developments on our living and working environments. The impact on facilities planning and facilities management is also potentially immense.Smart home exampleAt 7:30am and you awake to the sound of your favourite cd playing in the background; the lights in your bedroom switch on; 'fading up' to allow you to wake up in your own time. The downstairs intruder alarm system is de-activated. In the kitchen the coffee machine turns on to make a drink. The ground floor curtains and blinds open; the towel heater in the bathroom warms the towels. And you haven't even got up yet.智能家居技术链接您家的灯光，娱乐和安全系统的新的自动化家用技术。