高中英语语法——介词一.常见高频介词的用法：1.against(1.)表示方位：“逆；靠着，倚靠；碰着，撞击”Birds fly slowly__________ the wind.Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _____________ a big tree.He often stands___________ the fence and talks endlessly with my father about gardening.The girl was leaning ___________ the wall with her arms folded.(2.)表示态度：“反对；对着；违背”They got married____________her parents’ wishes.Scientists are racing_____________ time in order to find a cure forcancer as soon as possible.The invention of artifical hearts marked a turning point in thebattle___________ heart disease.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of thecommittee members are ____________ it.(3.)表示对比：“以……为背景；衬托，相应”：The skier’s red clothes stood out clearly __________the snow.Before selecting the curtain for your newly-decorated house, it’s more important to know what colors look great___________ the wall paper. Flowers look better___________ green leaves.(4.)“防备；对抗”：We will be competing __________ the best companies in Europe.Some animals store food___________ the winter.They don’t believe its goal is to defend____________ possible missile attacks from rogue countries.2.as(1.)“作为；当作”I feel that one of my duties__________ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.New York City, also known___________Big Apple, becomes one of theworld’s great business and cultural centers.__________ an eighty earo ld boy, I spent most of that afternoon sitting in the shade while they sweated in the sunshine.(2.)习惯用语：as for; as to至于；关于_________ for me, I don’t mind going there by train._________ for the selection of business media, would you like to share some thoughts with us?3.at(1.)表示“处于...状态”Europe was_________peace for the first time in ten years after the wars. After a rather hard time, people could live________ at last. (注意：in peace“平静地、安静地”=peacefully; at peace处于和平状态)The two countries are _________ war.(2.)表示“在...时刻、钟点、岁”Children begin schooling___________ the age of five.The two brothers decided to leave _________ midnight, for they had many miles to cover.The advertisement said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale___________ a reasonable price(3.)表示速度、价格、比率:“以...”The population of the world is growing_________ a surprising rate.Gary must have driven_________ the speed of 80 miles an hour just now, for which he was given a ticket by a policeman.(4.)表示目标、方向:“对、向、朝”，这类动词有：laugh, come, aim, point He aimed_______ the target.I stared __________everything as if I were looking for the first time.My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows ________ the bird.(5.)表示“应...请求、号召、邀请”We came to Beijing_________ the invitation of my good friend who has been woeking here for three years.(6.)习惯用语：“at+名词短语”：表示“一...就...”at the sight of...一看见...就... at the sound of...一听到...就... atthe thought/ ideaof...一想起...就...at the news of ...一得到...的消息,就...The girl cried _________ the sight of her mother.The terrible king’s wish was that all the people would shake in fear_________ the sound of his order.People in love with each other may feel empty and sick___________ the thought of not being together.4.beyond(1.)表示程度:“超出，非……所能及”To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is_____________ expression in words for me.You really need to pay a visit to Shanghai since you haven’t been there for years, and you will find changes there are_____________ imagination.We must read not only between the lines, but sometimes__________ the lines so that we can fully understand the writer.(2.)表示时间:“过了，比...晚，迟于……”He delayed the matter ________ the fixed time.He came home__________ the usual time.(3.)表示位置：“在……另一边，在……更远处”The woods go for about two miles ___________ the river. 这片森林伸展到河那边大约两英里。
The small villiage is 20 miles_________ the town. 那个小村庄在离城20英里以外的地方。
5.by(1.)表示方法、手段：“靠、用、通过”You can reserve tickets __________ phone. 你可以通过电话订票。
He makes a living_________ selling newspapers.This kind of work is done_______hand/machine. 这种工作是手工/机器做的。
——What do you mean __________saying “the boy is overgrowing?”——I mean that he is tall_______ his age.(2.)表示标准、度量、数量:根据,按照,以……计算,常用结构“by＋the＋计量名词或by＋un.(weight/length/width/depth/volume)”Parcel post is charged _________ weight and mileage, without reference to contents.包裹邮递按重量和路程收费,不管所装何物。
Meat is sold________ the pound. They are paid_________ the hour.(3.)“经过、经由”If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave___________ the back door.He walked right _________ me without even saying hello.他径直从我身边走过，甚至连招呼都不打。