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英语音标发音规则汇总.docx

音标1、音素:音素是英语中最小的语音单位,英语中有 48 个音素,其中元音 20 个,辅音 28 个。

2、音标:是记录音素的符号,用于区别字母,因而需加“[ ] ”或“/ / ”。

3、48 个音标4、开音节:以元音字母结尾或以辅音字母加不发音的 e 结尾的单词,叫开音节单词。

在开音节单词中,元音字母发它本身的音。

5、重音:读单词时总有一个响亮的音节叫重读音节,以“'”来标记。

6、句子重读:①一般原则:有句子重读的是名词、动词、形容词、数词、副词、感叹词等。

②关键性原则:在一定场景下传递新信息的关键词要重读。

7、连读:同一句群中,前一词以辅音音素结尾,后一词以元音音素开头,在语流中将这两个音素合拼在一起读,这种现象叫“连读”。

字母或字母组合在重读音节或非重读音节中的读音A)元音字母在单词中的读音元音读音说明例词字母/ei/name, make, plane, grade,cake, date,在重读开音节中page, safe, face, gate/e/在 ny 前any, many, anyone, anythingmap, fat, sad, back, hand, catch,在重读闭音节中hat, bad, glad, black, thank, act在 w或 wh 后wash, want, watch, whata在 s, ss, st前past, flash, last, glass, pass,class, basket在 w后偶尔发waterar 分开发音Mary, parentanother, along, asleep, away, among,在非重读音节中around在非重读音节中village, comrade, palace元音读音说明例词字母在重读开音节中me, be, we, he, she, these, Chinese /e/在重读闭音节中get, rest, mend, next, left, then,help, wet, forget, dress, sell,spell e er 分开发音zero在非重读音节中open, moment, September在非重读音节中ticket, begin, behind, cinema,betweentime, drive, ride, knife, wife,/ai/在重读开音节中smile, why, sky, dry,try, fly,spy,Julyhit, ill, lift, kill, twin, drink,i(y)在重读闭音节中pick, ship, wind, thin,ship, physics 在重读开音节中police, machine在非重读音节中April, holiday, beautifuloffice, instead, finish, city,在非重读音节中family, really在重读开音节中go, ago, nose, hope, whole, alone,hole, phone, smoke, jokeo在重读闭音节中clock, sock, shop, dog, cross,cock,bottle, knock, song, strong在 m, n, v, th love, son, some, mother, other前woman在某些重读开音move, lose, who, whose节中one, once在非重读音节中today, tomorrow, together, second在非重读音节中onto, into在重读音节中use, student, duty, excuse, music在重读闭音节中but, cut,up, nut,duck, luck,lunch,sunnyu在重读闭音节中put, pull, push, full在重读开音节中June, ruler在个别单词中busy, business在非重读音节中AugustB)辅音字母在单词中的读音辅音字母读音例词辅音字母读音例词b/b/bus p/p/map一般不c/s/nice q单独发音/k/cup r/r/red d/d/day/s/yes/z/please f/f/flysgate sure gorange usually h/h/he t/t/catj jeep v/v/livek/k/kite w/w/way/ks/next l/l/latexm/m/my example /n/nine y/j/year nuncle z/z/zero 重点辅音字母读音讲解:n在单词中的读音①n在一般情况下发 /n/ 。

如: kind, need, soon等。

s在单词中的读音①s在单词开头通常读 /s/ 。

如: sit, stop等。

②s后面的辅音字母发清辅音时读 /s/ 。

如: desk, past, question, mistake 等。

③以 s 结尾的复数名词,如: clocks, shops等。

s 前的辅音字母发清辅音时,词尾s 读 /s/。

④ss 在单词中读 /s/ 。

如 pass, lesson等。

⑤s在两个元音音素之间常读/z/ 。

如: music/ ′mju:zik/,visit/ ′viz it/等。

⑦加s 构成的复数名词及单数第三人称动词形式中,或元音时, s 读/z/ 。

如: bags, plays, blows, rulers s 前面为浊辅音等。

C)元音字母组合在单词中的读音这类字母组合通常有两个元音字母组成,其中的元音字母组合有的只发一种音,有的发两种或两种以上的音。

元音字读音说明例词母组合team, clean, sea, tea, east, /i:/在重读音节中cheap, easy, speak, season,readeahead, bread, ready, weather, /e/在重读音节中health在重读音节中idea, real, really/ei/在重读音节中great, break/ei/在个别重读音节词中train, rain wait, waiterai/e/在重读音节中said, says/i/在非重读音节中see, bee, free, sheep, feel,ee/i:/在重读音节中meet, need, green, asleep /ei/在重读音节中they, hey, obey (遵守)ey/i:/在个别重读音节词中key/i/在非重读音节中m onkey, moneyeo/i:/在重读音节中people/i:/在重读音节中receive/ri ′si:v/ (收到)ei/ei/在字母组合 eigh 中eight, eighteen, weighground, round, around, out,在重读音节中ou mouse, blouse在重读音节中young, country, touch, enough,double/u:/在个别重读音节词中group在情态动词中could, should, would/u:/ e 不发音blueue/e/u 不发音guess元音字读音说明例词母组合zoo, soon, food, cool, tooth, /u:/词尾或词中noon, fooloo在 k 或 d 前cook, look, took, good, foot,wood在 l 和 d 之间oa在重读音节中coat, goat, boatoy在重读音节中boy, enjoy, joy, toyoi在重读音节中toilet, oil(油)/e/i 不发音friend/i:/在重读音节中field, piece, thief(贼)ie在个别单词中quiet/ai/在词尾lie, die, tie在重读音节中autumn, daughter, August au在个别重读音节词中aunt在重读音节中today, away, stay, may, say, /ei/ay play/i/在非重读音节中Monday, Sundayui/u:/在重读音节中fruitoe/u:/位于词尾shoeio在重读音节中pioneeruy/ai/重读音节,词尾buyye/ai/重读音节,词尾byeD)辅音字母组合在单词中的读音这类字母组合通常有两个辅音字母组成,大部分辅音字母组合只有一种读音,有少数辅音字母组合有两种或两种以上读音。

辅音字读音说明例词母组合which, lunch, chair, China,大部分单词中teachchschool, chemistry/′kemistri/ /k/在少数单词中(化学)在个别单词中machineck/k/一般位于词尾clock, back, black辅音字读音说明例词母组合在词尾sing, song, bring, seeingngEnglish, hungry, angry,在词中strongersh在词首、词中或词尾shall, fishing, finish, washphone, photo,ph/f/一般在词首physics/ ′fiziks/(物理)wh/h/后为 o 时who, whose, whole/w/后为其它元音字母时when, which, why, wheregh/f/一般在词尾laugh, enough, cough在词尾或以 th 开头的both, tooth, fifth, south,名词、动词、形容词、thing, think, thick, thirdth数词中在 ther 中及代词、冠 another, feather, them, with, /e/词、连词或副词中than, thenwr/r/在词首write, wrong, writerkn/n/在词首tch catch, match, watchdr/dr/一般位于词首drive, dry, dress, drinktr/tr/一般位于词首tree, truck, train, trousersds/dz/一般在词尾beds, finds, handsstudents, lets, boats, cats, ts/ts/一般在词尾wantsE)元、辅音字母组合在单词中的读音这类字母组合有两类:一类是一个或两个元音字母与 r 组合,构成 -r 音节或 -re 音节。

这是主要一类元辅音字母组合。

另一类是一个元音字母与除 r 以外的某个辅音字母组合。

这类元辅音字母组合数量很少。

元、辅音读音说明例词字母组合far, park, card, party, hard,重读音节中start,March, farther,hardly(几ar乎不)在 w后warm, war, warn(警告 ), quarter非重读音节中popular, similar重读音节中her, term, certainly, prefer er farmer, worker, writer, letter,非重读音节中waiter元、辅音读音说明例词字母组合irgirl, shirt, first, third, bird,重读音节中dirty重读音节中short, sport, horse, born, northor在 w后work, word, world, worse, worst 非重读音节 q 中 doctor, visitor(游客)urturn, hurt (受伤), Thursday,重读音节中purple, purseare重读音节中care, careful, hare重读音节中near, hear, clear, dear, nearly ear,重读音节中early, earth, learn, heard少数词中tear, pear, bear(熊)个别词中heartere重读音节中where, therehere重读音节中ore重读音节中before, more, scoreire重读音节中tired, hire(雇用),fire(火)eer重读音节中deer (鹿), pioneer重读音节中surepleasure, picture, treasure(财ure非重读音节中宝)eir重读音节中theirair重读音节中chair, hair, pair, fair(金色的 )four, fourth, course, pour(倒;重读音节中灌注 )our重读音节中hour非重读音节中colour一般读door, flooroor个别词中poor一般读call, walk, talk, tall, small al以 al 开头的副词 also, always, already, almost个别词中half元、辅音读音说明例词字母组合slow, blow, show, snow, throw,重读或非重读音window, yellow,ow节中borrow,tomorrow重读音节中now, how, cow, down, brown一般读 /ju:/few, knew, news, newspaperew 不规则动词过去threw, drew, flew, grew 式中个别词中sew(缝纫 )tion一般读station, dictionary, operation在 s 后questionaw重读音节中draw, law (法律)dge只有 g 发音bridge, fridge, judge(法官)igh只有 i 发音light, night, bright, fight,highough只有 ou 发音bought, brought, thought augh只有 au 发音daughter, taught, caughtind三个字母都发音kind, find, mind, behindold三个字母都发音sold, told, cold, holdF)不发音的字母和字母组合英语单词的读音和拼写形式虽然联系紧密,但并不是完全对应的,有很多单词中的某一字母或几个字母不发音。

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