名词性从句Noun ClauseI本章要点II名词性从句语法点分述一、宾语从句1.引导宾语从句的连接词a.that引导(that可以省略)➢I know (that) most matter has three states（状态）.♥Attention♥宾语从句中that不可省略的情况宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略1)当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
➢I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will get better.2)当it作形式宾语时当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，将真正的宾语从句移至句末。
结构公式：主语+consider/find/make/regard/think/+ it+宾补+ that +句子/ to do sth➢She made it clear to her parents that she would learn to deal with various problems.★小试身手★1)特朗普说得很清楚他想当总统。
(make… clear)2)我们理所当然的认为父母应该爱我们一辈子。
(t ake… for granted)3)consider, we, it, should, that, with, importance, all, of, great, we, theory, combine, practice（连词成句）b.whether / if引导1)在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中，不能用if。
➢I don’t know whether he will study abroad or not.2)在介词后，只能用whether 和特殊疑问词，不能用if。
➢His father is concerned about whether he will be kicked out of school.♥Attention♥if或whether引导的宾语从句时，虽具有疑问意义，但从句语序应用陈述句语序。
在考试中如果确定句子意思表示“是否”，则一定选择用whether。
★小试身手★1)I wonder ________ there’s any need to spend so much money on the party.2)Some people believe ________ a monkey person is sociable.3)She is worried about ________ she can get promoted.4)Teacher told the students________ the sun________ (have) eight planets.2.连接代词以及连接副词引导★小试身手★1)只有小孩子知道自己在找什么。
2)Professor Nelson wanted to know ______.A. when would the conference beginB. When the conference would beginC. when will the conference beginD. when the conference will begin3)I’m not sure ______.A. what is the assignment of tomorrowB. what the assignment for tomorrow isC. what will the assignment for tomorrow beD. what will be the assignment of tomorrow3.宾语从句连词总结4.宾语从句的语序宾语从句除个别情况外，全部使用陈述句语序。
★小试身手★1)Do you know__A___?A. when the sports meeting will beginB. when the sports meeting beginsC. when the sports meeting beginD. when will begin the sports meeting2)Will this sheep have to have a great deal of grass?Do you think … (连接成宾语从句)5.宾语从句的时态★小试身手★1)I don’t know if we each have a destiny, or if we’re all just floating around accidentally, likeon a breeze.2)The scientist told the student that the sun ____________ round. (be)3)I believe that the friendship between us _______ forever. (last)4)I knew that our team _____________ (win) the competition.5)Kate knows what John _____ now.A. doesB. will doC. has doneD. is doing6.宾语从句否定转移★小试身手★1)We have to finish the work now.（反义疑问？______________）2)You never told us why you were late for the meeting.（反义疑问？_____________）3)Nacy, sweep the classroom, ______？A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. doesn’t she4)--He didn’t go to the lecture this morning, did he?-- ______. Tough he was not feeling very well.A. No, he didn’tB. Yes, he didC. No, he didD. Yes, he didn’t7.宾语从句和动词不定式转换类似➢I don’t know what I should do.=I don’t know what to do.what to do with; how to deal with固定词组用法。
➢I don’t know what I should do with this messy situation.= I don’t know what to do with this messy situation.★小试身手★宾语从句和不定式转换练习：1)I believe that he is an honest man. (保持原句意思)I believe _____ to _____ an honest man.2)He expected to be forgiven. (保持原句意思)He expected that he _____ _____ forgiven.3)He i sn’t in the office now, I think. (保持原句意思)I _____ _____ he _____ in the office.4)He will pass the exam. We think it possible. (合并为一句)We think _____ _____ he will pass the exam.二、主语从句主语从句可以直接放在句首；也可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。
1.主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词引导。
a.that引导➢That a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife is a truth universally acknowledged.(用it改写)♥Attention♥that引导的主语从句出现在句首时，that不可省略。
b.whether引导➢Whether chewing gum helps prevent tooth decay is unknown to me. (用it改写)♥Attention♥用whether 引导主语从句，而不用if。
c.连接代词引导➢所有值得做的事情都值得做好。
♥Attention♥连接代词引导，不能用it改写➢Whoever leaves last turns off the light.d.连接副词引导➢doesn’t matter.➢was a mystery.♥Attention♥谓语动词一律用第三人称单数e.what引导(相当于中文的“的字结构”)，主谓一致问题“看后”➢What we have is knowledge, but what we need are chances.★小试身手★1)沙漠之所以美丽，是因为在它的某个角落隐藏着一口井。
2.主语从句与形式主语it常见的用it作形式主语的复合结构：★小试身手★1)纸是中国首先造出来的，这是事实。
2)人类不可能受机器人的控制。
3)我们以前似乎在哪儿见过。
4)据报道，到目前为止，已经有91个孩子在洪水中失去了生命。
♥Attention♥1)主语从句中that位于句首时不可省略；但是如果主语从句放在后面，that可以省略。
➢水能够被用来发电是事实。
2)主语从句放在前面只能用whether，而不能用if；但是如果主语从句放在后面，whether和if都可以使用。
➢他是否能安然无恙的回来还是个问题。
三、表语从句1.表语从句的连接词a.That连接表语从句，既没有含义也不在从句中担任成分。
➢人生值得欣慰（solace）之处便是，每一天都有结束的时候。
今天亦不例外。
b.从属连词whether, as, as if / though 引导的表语从句，有含义，但在从句中不充当任何成分。
➢It seems as if the balloon is filled with helium（氦气）.c.because, why引导的表语从句，通常置于be动词之后的表语从句。
➢That is why global climate is becoming warmer and warmer.d.连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。