高考英语语法复习专题（9）Unit9 非谓语动词一、考点聚焦名称语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。

不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。

His job is to guard.(说明内容)be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。

下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。

下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。

（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。

①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。

②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.③主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/ consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done④主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。

①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。

②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。

There is no one to look after her.③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。

She is now looking for a room to live in.（5）不定式作状语的用法。

不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。

only to do表示出人意料的结果。

We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.I’m not such a fool as to believe that.（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。

①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。

The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。

此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed 后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。

I’m sorry t o keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。

（说话时还未等）I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。

（说话时已等了很久）②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。

（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。

（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。

（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。

（7）不定式的省略。

①同一结构并列由and或or连接。

I want to finish my homework and go home.I’m really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。

What he did was lose the game.③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to 可省略。

即“前有do,后省to”。

Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。

⑤Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to。

如：He could not but walk home.（8）不定式的替代。

多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。

但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。

如：Susan is not what she used to be.—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.—I know I ought to have.常见的有：I’d like / love / be happy to.3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题（1）动名词作宾语。

①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。

②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。

③介词后要接动名词。

what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。

注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。

作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。

如on his arrival…。

④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer,4、分词复习应注意的几个问题（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.②原因状语Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note③伴随状语The girls came in, following their parents.④结果状语The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。

①时间性。

与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。

②语态性。

与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。

遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。

③人称一致性。

分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

（2）分词作表语。

S. + be + 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S. + be + 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。

分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别：感官动词动词原形→做了某事S．+ + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事使役动词过去分词→做了或被做5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，有来说明原因、时间、条件等。

（1）过去分词作原因状语Tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep.= Because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought , he almost ran into a car.=As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car.（2）作时间状语Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.=When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.（3）作条件状语Given more time, I would have worked out the problem.=If I have been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.（4）伴随状语The teacher came in, followed by some students.=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。