泌乳后期奶牛的管理对于新产期奶牛 以及下一个泌乳期的产奶量有极大的影响
The management of the late lactation cows will have a big impact through to fresh cows and their milk yield of the next lactation
The feeding objective for the 2nd half of the lactation should be to get the cow into the correct BCS for calving and the next lactation
体况评分
BCS
体况评分
Body Condition Scoring
60 Days before projected calving date regardless of milk yield
从现泌乳期到下一个泌乳期的长干奶期意味着奶损失
Long term dry cows cost milk from the current lactation and in the next.
围产期及初产期奶牛的管理
Transition & Fresh Cow Management
• 我们的目标
What is the objective here?
Ø提高奶产量以获取利润
Profitable increase in milk production
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
公升
L
20.0
泌乳后期
Late Lactation
• 泌乳期前段的饲喂目标是尽可能提高干 物质采食量以使产奶峰值最大
The feeding objective in the 1st half lactation is to maximize DMI to maximize peak milk
• 泌乳期后段的饲喂目标应使奶牛为产犊 及下一个泌乳期达到正确的体况评分
泌乳期
Lact Curve
35.0
每泌乳高峰期额外增加5
公升，使下一泌乳期增加
1吨
30.0
Extra 5 Litres at peak give >1 extra Ton
per Lactation
25.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
月
Month of Lactation
• 一个良好的干奶程序可以增加下一个泌乳 阶段产量约700公斤
A good dry cow programme can increase the next lactation milk yield by more than 700Kg
时间
When?
干奶期程序
DRY OFF Procedure
Ø不考虑产奶量预计产犊之前60天
300
200
100
0
10

30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-100
C干h奶in天es数e
-200
Days Dry
-300
-400
-500
-600
-700
-800
Penn State Extension Circular 372
q原则1
Rule #1
• 干奶期前体况评分应尽可能达到3.5
Group and feed cows so that as many as possible are BCS 3.5 prior to Dry off
1.50 -1.65 Mcal/Kg depending on BCS
q原则1
Rule #1
• 干奶期前体况评分应尽可能达到3.5
Group and feed cows so that as many as possible are BCS 3.5 prior to Dry off
干奶阶段
Dry Period
Adjusting Body Condition Up or Down During the Dry Period is a bad option
Ø下一个泌乳期奶牛健康和产奶量将受到较大影响
Big effects on cow health and milk production in the next lactation
常见定义
Usual Definition
§ 围产期奶牛
The Transition cow
§ 产前3周到产后3周
3 wks pre- to 3 wks post-calving
I prefer to extend this to include
泌乳后期>干奶期>临产期>新产期>泌乳期
Late Lactation > Dry > Close-up > Fresh > High Cow
• 体况偏高
Over conditioned cows
– 产后体况损失更多
Lose more condition postpartum
– 干物质采食高峰延迟
Reach Peak DMI later
– 有可能发生代谢疾病
At greater risk of metabolic disorders
– 繁殖成绩差
Poor reproductive performance
• 偏瘦的奶牛
Thin cows
– 能量储存少
Less energy stores
– 达到产奶遗传潜力的可能性低
Less likely to reach genetic potential for milk yield
奶牛的营养水平指导
结合体况评分1.5-1.65 千卡/公斤
干奶期长的奶牛会出现产犊困难并增加代谢疾病
Long term dry cows have difficulty calving and increased metabolic problems
下一C泌h乳in期es的e奶产量
Milk Prod. (Kg) Change in next Lactation
最高
Maximum
最低
Minimum
干物质
DIM
干奶期前体况评分的重要性
Why is pre dry-off BCS Important?
• 产犊前良好的体况评分值有巨大益处
Big benefits to having cows in the correct BCS for calving
• 干奶期时调整奶牛的体况评分是个错 误的选择