跨文化商务沟通
Norm:are cultural ingrained principles of correct and incorrect behaviors which, if broken, carry a form of overt or covert penalty.
Intercultural business communication:is relatively new term in the business world and is defined as communication within and between business that involves people form more than one culture.
Subcultures:are groups of people possessing characteristic traits that set apart and distinguish them from others within a larger society or macroculture. Stereotypes: is perceptions about certain groups of people or nationalities, exist with nearly all of people which live in different cultures.
Ethnocentrism:is the notion that one’s own culture is supe rior to any other. It is the idea that other cultures should be measured by the degree to which they live up to our cultural standards.
Values: are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by person in a culture. Attitudes: are our likes and dislikes to certain people, objects, or situations, and they are rooted in our behavior and in our emotions.
Cultural patterns:can be viewed as a system of beliefs, attitudes and values that work in combination to provide a coherent, if not always consistent, model for perceiving the world.
Cultural shock: is basically a communication problem that involves the frustrations accompanying a lack of understanding of the verbal and nonverbal communication of the host culture, its customs, and its value systems.
Linguistic determinism:is the assumption that a person’s view of reality stems mainly from his or her language.
Nonverbal communications:refers to nonword messages such as gestures, facial expression, interpersonal distance, touch, eye contact, smell, and silence. International English:is English for businesspeople that either deal with other cultures whose native language is not English or for whom English may be a second language.
Etiquette:refers to manners and behavior considered acceptable in social and business situations.
Customs:are behaviors generally expected in specific situations and are long-established, socially acceptable ways of behaving in given circumstance. Negotiation:is a process in which two or more entities discuss common and conflicting interests in order to reach an agreement of mutual benefit。