高一第四单元ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ知识点归纳
1.happen 发生不能用于被动语态。
其用法如下：
①sth happen to sb 某人出了某事（通常为不好的事情）例：She hopes nothing bad would happen to him.她不希望有坏事发生在他身上。
②happen to do sth 碰巧做某事此种搭配不用于进行时，例：I happened to be there when the fire started.火灾发生时我碰巧在那儿。
③It so happens/happened that ……碰巧……例：It so happened that the famous actor was her brother.碰巧那位著名演员是她的哥哥。
例：Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it___ yesterday.
A. was happening
B. happens
C. has happened
D. happened
2. rise vi. rose, risen
上升; 升起; 上涨; 升高; 增加
raise vt . raised , raised.
举起, 抬起，喂养
○1He _____from his chair when the door bell rang.
○2Her job is _______ chickens.
3. too……to……太……而不能……(表否定意义)
例: Tom is too young to go to school.
too……to……句型在下列情况下表示肯定意义：
①与某些表示心情的词和描述性的词连用时，如happy,glad,pleased, nervous,willing,eager等。
I am too glad to see you.
②too 前有only, but, all, never,can’t 时
We are only too happy to live in China. It’s never too late to learn.
You can never be too careful.
4. think little of……对……评价不高，不重视
The teacher thought little of your article.老师对你的作文评价不高。
think much/highly/well of 对……高度评价
例：Generally speaking, not all political leaders were____ by people.
A. good thought of
B. well thought of
C. good thought
D. well thought
5. cut across 横穿
In order to provide electricity to the faraway village, they set up a special line which cut across five hills.
为了给遥远的村庄供电，他们横穿五个小山架了一条特殊的线路。
cut in 插入；打断
He always cuts in while other people are talking.
别人说话时他总爱插嘴。
6. 有百分数或分数修饰的结构作主语时，谓语动词要根据百分数或分数所修饰的是可数名词还是不可数名词而定。
50% of the students in our class are girls.
我们班50%的学生是女生。
Two thirds of the earth surface is covered with water.
地球表面的三分之二是水。
例：Nearly one-third of the teachers in our school ___ from other cities in the past.
A. is
B. are C .was D. were
7. All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
部分否定的表达方式
not与all（三者或三者以上）/both（两者之间）/everyone/everybody/everything/every+n./each/each+n.连用时，不管not在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。
例：Both of them haven’t read this story.=Not both of them have read this story. 他们两个人并非都读过这个故事。
Not all the students obey the school rules.= All the students don’t obey the school rules. 并非所有的学生都遵守校规。
注意：表达全部否定时通常要把这些具有总体意思的词改为相应的否定词，如：none，neither，nothing，nobody，no等。
Attributive Clause（定语从句）
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
它分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的那个词称为先行词。
引导词
关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose,
as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）
关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只作状语。
He is a teacher who likes singing songs.
关系词只用ｔｈａｔ不用ｗｈｉｃｈ的情况：
(1)当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时或被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, only等修饰时. (2) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
(3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last,just the等修饰时。
(4)当并列的两个先行词分别表示人或物
(5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句。
(6) 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時
(7)当主句是which引导的特殊疑问句时
只用ｗｈｉｃｈ不用ｔｈａｔ的情况：
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时
(2)关系代词指物，做介词宾语时
1. The girl __________ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.
2. The skirt __________ Mary bought two years ago is old.
3. Is this the novel __________ you introduced to me?
4. Where is the boy _______ broke the window?
5. Luckily none of the people_________I know were killed in the earthquake.。