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高中英语句子八大成分

高中英语句子八大成分
句子由各个组成部分构成,这些组成部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。

一、主语
主语是句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事物,表示句子描述的是谁或什么。

更确切地说,主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。

主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。

These days,?breaking traffic rules and littering?are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.(2013·安徽高考书面表达) 最近,违反交通规则和乱丢垃圾已是司空见惯,给人们的生活和环境都带来了严重的危害。

(动名词作主语)
[即时演练]根据括号内的提示完成句子
1.掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。

(动名词作主语)
Mastering a foreign_language?will be of great help in our life.
2.使我印象最深的是他们都经过了专业培训。

(主语从句)
What_impressed_me_most?was that they had had professional training.
二、谓语
谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。

谓语只能由动词(短语)充当,有人称、数和时态的变化。

I?am delighted?to know that a famous art exhibition?will be organized?by the Shanghai Museum and opinions of the public?are being collected?as to selecting the location for the exhibition, which?encourages?me to write to express my ideas.(2013·上海高考书面表达)
我非常高兴地得知,上海博物馆将组织一个着名的艺术展览,对于展览的地点正在向公众征求意见,这鼓励我写信来表达我的观点。

[即时演练]根据括号内的提示完成句子
1.他早上七点起床时,脑海里突然有了个大计划。

(动词短语作谓语) When he?got up?at 7:00 am, a big plan?occurred_to?him.
2.他们会沉迷于电脑游戏,这会对他们的学习有不良影响。

(动词短语作谓语)
状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。

可以用作状语的有:副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等。

With the beautiful moon up in the sky,?we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruits,?sharing our stories.(2013·辽宁高考书面表达)
表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构),用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。

可以用作表语的有:名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。

The best way to set up a correct outlook on life is?to be aware of one's ability, accept one's reality and adopt a positive attitude to one's dreams.(2013·北京高考满分作文)
树立正确人生观的最好方式是了解自己的能力、接受现实并采取积极的态度向着梦想前进。

(不定式短语作表语)
[即时演练]根据括号内的提示完成句子
1.我认为好书对学生非常有价值。

(介词短语作表语)
I think, good books are?of_great_value?to students.
对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。

可以用作同位语的有:名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。

In the meantime, those volunteers hold the opposite view?that they are fed up with the earth life and eager for living on the Mars.(2013·上海高考书面表达)
同时,那些持相反观点的志愿者认为,他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活,渴望到火星居住。

(同位语从句)
[即时演练]根据括号内的提示完成句子
1.我是李华,一位来自中国的中学生。

(名词作同位语)
I'm Li Hua,?a_middle_school_student_from_China.
2.我认为,我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。

(同位语从句)
I hold the opinion?that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty.[综合演练提升]
Ⅱ.按要求完成小作文
Dear Mr. Headmaster,
I'm Li Yue,?①________________________ (高二一班的学生,用名词作同位语). I am writing to draw your attention to improper behaviour,②______________________________?[其中最常见的是随意乱涂(scribble)和乱丢垃圾(litter),用定语从句]. It makes our school?③________________ (脏乱不堪,用形容词作宾补) and does harm to the image of our school. I always feel ashamed?④________________ (每当我看到这点,用状语从句). It is not appropriate?⑤____________________ (对学生来说随意乱涂和乱丢垃圾,用不定式的复合结构作真正主语). I wonder⑥________________________ (是否学校能够放置更多的垃圾箱,用宾语从句) and set up special rules against such behaviour. At the same time, students?⑦________________ (应该鼓励,用被动语态作谓语) to develop good habits and better behave themselves. I believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become?⑧________________ (一个更令人愉快的地方,用名词短语作表语) in the near future. Thank you for your consideration.
Yours faithfully,
Li Yue
答案:
①a student from Class 1, Senior 2
②of which scribbling and littering are the most common
③dirty and unpleasant
④whenever I see this
⑤for a student to litter and scribble
⑥if the school could place more dustbins
⑦should be encouraged
⑧a more enjoyable place。

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