排比在英语演讲中的修辞作用——奥巴马获胜演讲个案分析摘要演讲是修辞的最旱来源，两者关系密切．修辞手法是修辞学研究的重要内容，也是演讲中常用的语言技巧．排比是英语演讲中是最常见的修辞手法．本文以美国总统当选人奥巴马的荻胜演讲为例，分析了排比在其中的运用及其修辞作用，以期对修辞教学和英语演讲有一定的借鉴作用．关键词修辞排比英语演讲西方修辞学的发展史表明，演讲是修辞的最早来源(Herrick，2001)．古典修辞理论认为，“修辞学就是研究演说的技巧”(何晓勤，2004)．修辞和演讲密不可分．演讲是一门劝说的艺术。
演讲者要达到劝说的目的，就必须讲究演讲词的语言表达技巧，这种技巧在语言层面的体现之一就是修辞手法的运用。
【排比是英语演讲中最常见的侈辞手法。
国内学者对于排比的修辞效果给予了充分的肯定。
“排比是英语所有修辞格中最常使用的修辞格之一。
任何学会使用并能驾驭{|比及其变化的人都会发现排比可使演讲条理清楚，效果显著，具有难以衡量的价值”(张秀国．2005)．鉴于排比在英语演讲中的重要性，我们试图以美国新当选总统奥巴马的获胜演讲为例，来探讨排比在这篇演讲中的修辞效果．本研究目的在于给英语演讲和修辞教学一些启示．一、英语演讲中的排比“排比”在英语中的对应词为parallelism，是指“为了达到修辞效果而循环出现的、句法相似的结构(recurrent syntactical similarities introduced for rhetorical effect”(Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary,1977：s3D．英语排比具有结构整齐，节奏鲜明，语言简练等特点．在英语演讲中运用捧比旬，可以增加演讲词的节奏感和音韵美，突出演讲者雄辩口才和强烈感情，增强演讲语言的气势，提高演讲的说服力和欣赏性．二、奥巴马获胜演讲个案分析(一)背景介绍奥巴马于2008年11月4日当选为美国总统。
并于当晚发表了获胜演讲．这次演讲富有很强的号召力和感染力，唤起了民众战胜金融危机的信心和勇气。
现场的无数观众被感动得热泪盈眶．据CNN报道。
，有语言学家称，“总统当选人巴拉克·奥巴马当晚发表的获胜演说可与很多史上著名演讲相比．”奥巴马称得上是一位杰出的演说家，在多次演讲中，他都娴熟地运用了各种修辞技巧。
我们可以说，“舆巴马的胜利是修辞学的胜利”(梁文道，2008)．(二）排比在奥巴马获胜演讲中的运用奥巴马在他的获胜演讲中熟练地运用了一系列的修辞方法，如捧比，对比，反复，对仗，引用等，其中捧比的使用次数最多．下面我们就以捧比结构在奥巴马获胜演讲(Barak Obam's Victory Speech)。
中的位置。
选取了四个代表性的例子，来讨论其修辞效果。
(1)从句开头的排比If there is anyone out there whostill doubts that America is a place whenall things are possible，who still wonders if the dream ofour founders is alive in our time，who still questions the power ofout democracy,tonight is your answer．这三个排比组合句是臭巴马获胜演讲的开场白。
奥巴马用自己胜选的事实回答了某些人对“美国是否凡事都有可能，美国奠基者的梦想是否依然鲜活，美国民主制度的力量”的质疑．通过这三个摔比旬，奥巴马言简意赅地表达了他获胜的意义：显示出“美国梦”的独特性和普遍价值，肯定他的获胜是对美国政治文化传统的继承而不是背离．(2)排比结构用在段首It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen by people who waited three hours and four hours，Many for the first time in their lives，Because they believed that this time must be different，And their voice could be that difference.It’s the answer spoken by young and old，rich and poor，democrat and republican，black, white,, Hispanic Asian native American ,gay ,straight，disabled and not disabled，American who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states, we are , and always will be the united states of American.It's the answer that led those who've been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day首先，在前两个位于段首的排比句群中，奥巴马强调他是“设在学校和教堂的投票站前排起的前所未见的长队”．是“等了三四个小时的选民”，是。
所有美国人民”共同选举出来的总统．他重申了自己当选总统是合法的，是由美国人民通过民主方式选举出来的．第三个拌比句群在意义上是对前两个排比句群的总结和升华．奥巴马呼吁美国人民要对美国的未来有信心，同时暗示作为新一任的总统，他会继承美国的历史传统，让“美国梦”延续．这三个排比句群的使用，增强了演讲的气势，有力地回击了那些对奥巴马获胜原因存在质疑的人，同时向听众作出了有力的保证，调动了听众的积极性，激发了听众的自信心．(3)介词短语的排比To those who would tear the world down ,we will defeat you；To those who seek peace and security ,we support you;And to all those who have wondered if America‘s beacon still burns as bright ,tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth，but from the enduring power of our ideals ,democracy ,liberty , and unyielding hope.介词短语To those的反复出现，明确了要击败和支持的对象，语气强烈，一针见血．这既是对恐怖分子敲警钟，又给予了爱好和平的人们奋斗的力量。
同时，向那些怀疑美国能否继续照亮世界发展前景的人们证明。
美国真正的力量来自于这个国家的理想：民主、自由、机会和不屈的希望．排比结构的出现突出了强调的内容，语言气势逼人，具有强大的震撼力。
(4)段尾的排比And tonight ,I think about all that she’s seen throughout her century in American，the heartache and hope ,the struggle and the progress，the times we were told that we can’t and the people who pressed on with that American creed ,yes we can，at a time when women’s voice were silenced and their hopes dismissed ,she lived to see the stand up and speak out and reach forthe ballot , yes ,we can.When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land，she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a new deal ,new jobs ,a new sense of common purpose ,yes we can, when the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world ,she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved，yes we can.She was there for the buses in Montgomery，the hoses in Birmingham ,a bridge in Selma , and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that“we shall overcome”,yes ,we can.A man touched down on the moon ,a wall came down in berlin ,a world was connected by our own science and imaginationAnd this year ,in this election，she touched her finger to a screen ,and cast her vote ,because after106years in American，through the best of times and darkest of hours ,she knows how America can change，yes ,we can.在这里奥巴马以一个106岁的老妇人参加投票为例，运用了一系列的捧比来烘托现场气氛，具有很强的说服力和感染力。