应用文主要指各种书信 , 如求职信、投诉信、申请信、邀请信、推荐信和感谢信等。
按文体,书信可分为私人信件和事务信件 , 考试中涉及到的大都为事务信件。
考生应注意书信的格式及重要书信体的写法。
一、事务信件的格式英文书信的格式 , 尤其是正式的事务信件的格式与汉语的同类书信格式不同。
就形式而言 , 英语的事务信件可分为三种样式 : 现代常用格式 (modified form ) 、齐头式 (blocked form ) 和缩进式(indented form ) 。
1. 现代常用格式 :William Scott ( 写信人姓名 )College of Education( 写信人地址 )5284University of OregonU.S.A.March 20,2003( 写信日期 )Mr.John Smith ( 收信人姓名 )235Wall Street ( 收信人地址 )New York 5.N.Y.16432U.S.A.Dear Mr.John Smith:( 称呼 )( 正文 )Yours truly,( 套语 )Signature ( 手写签名 )William Scott( 打字签名 )Director of Admissions and Student Affairs ( 职务 )Enclosure:( 附件 )William Scott( 写信人姓名 )College of Education( 写信人地址 )5284 University of OregonU.S.A.March 20,2003( 写信日期 )Mr.John Smith ( 收信人姓名 )235Wall Street ( 收信人地址 )New York 5.N.Y.16432 U.S.A.Dear Mr. John Smith:( 称呼 )( 正文 )Yours truly,( 套语 )Signature ( 手写签名 )DirectorofAdmissions and Student Affairs ( 职务 )Enclosure:( 附件 )3. 缩进式 :William Sc 。
"( 写信人姓名 )College of Education( 写信人地址 )5284University of OregonU.S.A.March 20,2003( 写信日期 )Mr.John Smith ( 收信人姓名 )235Wall Street ( 收信人地址 )New York 5.N.Y.16432U.S.A.Dear Mr. John Smith:( 称呼 )( 正文 )Yours sincerely,( 套语 )Signature ( 手写签名 )事务信件的书写可采用三种格式 : 现代常用格式、齐头式和缩进式。
齐头式即每行第一个字母向左对齐 ; 缩进式指信头和封内地址从第二行起每行向右缩进几个字母 , 正文的首行向右缩进几个字母 ; 现代常用格式是前两种格式的折中 , 除正文每段首行向右缩进外 , 其余部分的格式与齐头式相同。
事务信件一般包括 6 个部分 : 信头、封内地址、称呼、正文、结束套语和签名。
如果随信寄附简历或样品等资料 , 还应包括附件。
1. 信头 (Heading ) 信头包括写信人的姓名、地址及写信日期。
考生要注意中英文地址、日期的不同顺序 : 中文的地址排列顺序是从大到小 , 而英文的则是由小及大 ; 中文的日期排列顺序是年、月、日 , 而英文的则是月、日、年。
2. 封内地址 (lnside Address )这里指收信人的姓名和地址 , 与信头的写法基本一致。
若收信人担任某种行政职务 , 其头衔应写在姓名的下一行。
3. 称呼语 (Salutation }事务信件中 , 若收信人已知 , 则称呼其全名或职务 , 若不知具体人名 , 则称 Dear Sir or Madam,Dear Sirs 或 To whom it may concern4. 正文 (The Body of the Letter )正文是事务信件的核心部分 , 考生要首先弄清题目要求和写信目的 , 内容应简明扼要、条理清楚、表达正确。
5. 结束语 (Complementary Close )事务信件一般都采用 Yours sincerely 或 Yours faithfully 为结束语。
6. 签名 (Signiture}事务信件中 , 写信人的手写签名应置于打印姓名之上 , 打印姓名的下一行通常是写信人的头衔。
例如 :Sincerely yours,Signature 一一 - Wi11iam WhiteGeneral Editor二、求职、求学信函求职信由三个部分组成 : 第一部分为引言 , 求职者应交待从何处获知空缺 , 同时明确表明对此工作感兴趣 ; 第二部分为主体部分 , 求职者应针对应聘职位阐明自己的资质 , 重点说明自己的学历、相关工作经历及想得到该工作的原因 ; 第三部分为结尾部分 , 求职者可重述希望得到该工作的愿望 , 同时提供必要的证明人。
Sample 1:Dear Sir or Madam:I have heard from Dr. Joseph Thomas, Pittsburg University that your university wants English teachers to teach in English Department. I am interested in being considered for a teaching position in ED for the 2003-2004 school year.I graduated from Harris Teacher's College in 1965,and have teaching experience for more than 20 years. I have enclosed a copy of my resume, which will show my background. Dr. Thomas has offered to give you further information about me.Thank you for considering this application.Sincerely yours,(Signature)Betty Jane Marcum申请信函常用参考用语：（一）求职信1．I am writing to apply for the post of a private secretary advertised in today’s Daily Telegragh.2. In reply to your advertisement in Today’s paper,I beg to apply for the post of junior clerk in your company.3. Immediately saw your advertisement in the paper for an assistant manager I felt it was just the kind of post for which I have the qualifications and for which I have been looking for some time.4.The kind of work in which your company is engaged particularly interests me.5. I feel I have the necessary qualifications and experience needed for the position of private secretary to your managing director advertised in the paper.6. I shall be happy to furnish you with any particulars that you may require, or to attend for interview at your request.7.Enclosed are three copies of testimonials as required.8. The enclosed resume indicates my broad experience in the area of public relations and management communications.Sample 2:Dear Mr. N,Please consider me for the position of Assistant Director of Employee Benefits in the Personnel Division of Echo Electronics. I was an administrative intern with Echo last summer and, now that I have graduated from the University of Louisville, I would like to join your company.As you can see from the attached resume, my major was Business Administration with special emphasis on personnel management. Whenever possible, I have looked for jobs and campus activities that would give me experience in dealing with people. As an assistant in the Admissions Office, I dealt with students, parents, alumni, and faculty. The position required both a knowledge of university regulations and sympathy for other people.As an intern with Echo, I learned about the management of a company at first hand and gained a firmer grasp of the contribution personnel management makes to theoverall objectives of the company. Participants in the intern program were required to write a paper analyzing the company where we were placed. If you are interested, I will be happy to send you a copy of my paper.I would very much like to put my interests and my training to work for Echo Electronics, and I am available for an interview at your convenience.Sincerely,( Signature)Resume:Diane Bellows1287 Lexington AvenueLouisville, KY 40227EDUCATION University of Louisville,B. A. ,1988Major: Business Administration with emphasis in personnel managementMinor: Economics with emphasis in corporate financeEXPERIENCECOLLEGE Orientation leader, University Admissions Office, 198688. Met with prospective students and their parents; conducted tours of campus;answered questions; wrote reports for each orientation meeting.Academic Committee, Alpha Phi Sorority 1986-88. Organized studyhalls and tutoring services for disadvantaged students.Advertising Manager, University Yearbook, 1987. Responsible forsecuring advertising that made the Yearbook selfsupporting;wrote monthly progress report.SUMMERS Intern, Echo Electronics, June, 1987. Spent two weeks learning about pension plans, health care benefits, employee associations, andwork regulations as they affect employee relations and personnelmanagement.Volunteer Worker, Arthur Schneider's School Board reelectioncampaign, 1986. Wrote press releases, campaign brochures, directmailers; researched information on teacher competence. REFERENCES Placement OfficeUniversity of Louisville40227 (502)745-3219求职信分为推荐信和自荐信两种，写求职信可按下列七个步骤进行。