2014-2015-2 Final Review on British CultureI.Gap-filling: (20%, 1 for each)1. Britain consist of four nations，including England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland .2. The full name of the United Kingdom is Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3. Britain is a country with a history of invasions, in 43 AD Britain was invaded by Roman , in the late 8th century they experienced Vikings raids from Scandinavia and in the 11th century they suffered invasions from Normans.4. The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in 5th century.5.The island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales.6. London plays a significant role in British economic and cultural life. It’s not only the financial center of the nation, but also one of three major international financial centers in world.7. Name two Scottish cities which have ancient and internationally respected universities: Edinburgh and Glasgow.8. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh which is well-known for its natural beauty.9. In 1979, （the Conservative party ）under Thacher came into power and carried out a program of privatization.10. Since the discovery of oil and gas under the North Sea, Britain has gained a strong position in the off shore oil industry.11.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to give advice.12.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism andprivatization13. Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the House of Lords, the House of Commons and The Queen .14. One of the oldest of the early “old English”literary works is called Beowulf.15. The Canterbury Tales is generally regarded as Geoffrey Chaucer’s masterpiece.16. Name the four tragedies written by Shakespeare: HamletOthello，King Lear and Macbeth17.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is drama .18.cricket is the national sport in England, while football is the most popularone.19. Name the four comedies written by Shakespeare:andJane Eyre and Wuthering Heights which are largely the love stories of a woman for a man.21. The United Kingdom has been a member of Union since 1973.22. The UK has a total area of approximately 245000km², almost a quarter-of-a-million square kilometers.23. The distinctive British traffic rule is left-driving.24. The most popular dish in England is fish and chips.25.__The Championships, Wimbledon__ is one of the four most famousGrand Slam tennis tournaments, the others are the Australia Open,, the French Open (Roland Garros) and the US Open26. The Tudor period started from Henry VII after he defeated the House of York in the War of Roses in 1485, and ended with the death of the Queen Elizabeth I (伊丽莎白一世) on 24th March 1603 after 45 years on the throne.II. Definition Explaining: 20% (5 for each)1. The Canterbury Tales:(《坎特伯雷故事集》:)The Canterbury tales is the most important work in Middle English Literature. It‟s made up of a series of stories told by 31 pilgrims to entertain each other on their way to the Christian church at Canterbury in south-east England. It‟squite noticeable for its diversity, not only in the range of social status among the pilgrims,but also in style of the storiesthey tell.《坎特伯雷故事集》是中古英语文学中最重要的工作。
它由一系列的故事告诉31朝圣者互相娱乐去基督教教堂在英格兰东南部的坎特伯雷。
很明显的多样性,不仅在社会地位在朝圣者的范围,而且在它们所讲述的故事的风格。
2. William Shakespeare:(威廉·莎士比亚:)He was an English dramatist and poet in the Elizabethan age. He is generally regarded as the greatest playwright in English literature. His plays fall into three catagories: Tragedies such as Hamlet, comedies such as Merchant of Veniceand historical plays like Charles II.他是一个在伊丽莎白时代的英国剧作家、诗人。
人们普遍认为他是英国文学中最伟大的剧作家。
他的戏剧可分为三大类:如《哈姆雷特》的悲剧喜剧,如威尼斯商人和历史戏剧就像查理二世。
3. Red Brick University;(红砖大学)All of the six original redbrick institutions, or their predecessor institutes, gained university status before World WarI and were initially established as civic science or engineering colleges.所有六个原始的红砖机构,或他们的前任机构、获得大学地位在第一次世界大战前,最初建立公民科学或工程大学。
伯明翰大学（University of Birmingham）布里斯托大学（University of Bristol）谢菲尔德大学（University of Sheffield）利兹大学（University of Leeds）利物浦大学（University of Liverpool）曼彻斯特大学（University of Manchester）4. Fry-up:(煎鸡蛋)An easily prepared and quickly cooked dish of fried food, esp. of cold food heated up in a frying-pan; also, the preparation of such a dish. It is an informal expression in British English.容易准备,很快就煮菜油炸食品,特别是寒冷的食物加热煎锅,这样一道菜的准备。
这是一个非正式的表达在英国英语。
5. Easter:(复活节:)→the first Sunday following the full moon that occurs on or next after March 21 (Spring Equinox).→This festival occurs in the spring, which commemorates resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead three days after his crucifixion by Romans.→It is the most important Christian festival for many church-goers.→满月后的第一个星期日发生后或明年3月21日(春分)。