专项：情态动词一考点：情态动词的用法和辨析，情态动词表示推测和可能，由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答。

二类型：1 只是情态动词：can, could, may, might, must2 可做情态动词，可做实义动词：need, dare3 可做情态动词，可做助动词：will, would, shall, should4 特殊：have to, ought to, used to三特征：1 有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。

2 无人称和数的变化。

（have to 除外）Eg: He has to stay here.3 后接动词原形。

4 具有助动词作用，可构成否定，疑问或简短回答。

四用法：1. can ①表示能力，“能，会”。

Eg : Can you play basketball?②表示怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句或疑问句。

Eg :Li hua can’t be in the classroom.③表示请求，允许，多用于口语，译“可以”= may.Eg: you can go now.④can 开头的疑问句，肯定句，否定句用can或can’t.2.could①can 的过去式，表示过去的能力。

Eg :I could swim when I was seven years old.②could 开头的疑问句，肯定和否定回答用could, couldn’t如果could表示现在的委婉，用can 回答。

Eg: Could I have a drink? Yes, you can.3.may①表示推测，“可能，也许”，用于肯定句。

Eg: He may come tomorrow.②表示请求，“许可,可以”。

Eg: May I borrow your book?注：表示请求，许可时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，否定回答用mustn’t“不可以，禁止，不许”,不用may not“可能不”。

③表示祝愿。

Eg :May you success.4.might①表示“可以”，用于过去时中。

Eg: He told me I might smoke in the room.②用于现在时，表示说话更委婉，礼貌。

Eg:He might be doing his lessons now.5.must①表示“必须，应该”。

②表示推测，常用在肯定句中，表“一定”。

Eg:There is someone knocking at the door.It must be Jim.③否定句中，mustn’t 表示禁止，“不允许”。

④以must 开头的疑问句，肯定句回答用must,否定回答用needn’t , 表示“不需要，不必”=“don’t have to”.⑤表示“偏偏”。

Eg: Must you play the piano at this time.6.need①情态动词：+do,用need 提问或回答，肯定句回答用must ,否定句回答用needn’t. Eg: You needn’t come to school so early.②实义动词：+to do ,用助动词提问和否定。

③+doing 表示被动。

④needn’t have done 表示没必要做某事但是做了。

Eg: I actually needn’t have bought so much wine.7.dare①情态动词，多用于疑问句，否定句，条件句中。

Eg: I’m afraid you dare not to do such a thing.注：I dare say 习惯说成“也许，我想”。

Eg: It will rain this afternoon, I dare say.②实义动词：dare to do ,用于肯定句中，当用于否定句或疑问句时，to 可以省略。

Eg: This student doesn’t dare to raise any question in class. 8.shall①用于第一人称表示征求意见，询问。

Eg: Shall I open the window?Shall we have lunch here?②表示说话人的态度，“命令，警告，允诺，威胁”。

Eg: You shall finish your homework first.③用于第三人称，在条约，规定，法令等文件中表示义务或规定，“应该，必须”。

（不常用）9.should①表示义务，责任“应该”。

Eg:We should obey traffic laws.②作为shall 过去式，用于第一三人称，表示征求意见。

Eg:Mr leeasked if he should get his visa.③表示“竟然”。

Eg: It’s unthinkable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song.④表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇，愤怒，失望等。

Eg: How should I know?⑤表示劝告，建议，“应该”。

Eg: You should listen to your teacher.10.will①用于第二人称表示询问，请求，也可以表达现在的“意愿”。

Eg: Will youpass me the book?②表示意愿，决定，允诺，用于各种人称。

Eg: I will try my best to help you.③表示规律性的“注定会”。

Eg: People will die without air or water.11.would①表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。

Eg: Would you tell me the way to the station?12.have to①“必须，不得不”，强调客观需要，含有时态的变化。

Eg: I’ll have to ask Jim instead.②区别：must 表示“必须，应该“，主观看法。

13.ought to ①表示职责，义务或要求，及人们应该去做的正确的事或好事。

Eg:Humans ought to stop polluting nature.②比should 语气强，ought to 反映客观情况，should表示主观看法。

③ought to have done 本应该做而没有做。

Eg: You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier.ed to①表示“过去常常，过去是“，没有人称和数的变化，可以和过去的时间状语连用。

否定形式：usedn’t to 或didn’t use to ,疑问词将use提前或Did…use to …?Eg: He didn’t use to be so careless.②区别would :带有主观性，并且现在做不做不知道。

Used to :客观性，和现在进行对比，过去常常，现在就不怎么做了。

Eg: He would phone me on Sunday.Eg: I used to be very fond of music when I was young.③区别：be used to doing （情态动词）习惯于…Used to do （情态动词）过去是，过去常常…Be used to do (过去式) 被用来做…Eg: I am already used to noisy city life here.My parents used to live in South America.This machine is used to cut up waste paper.15.其他：⑴had better do 最好做某事Eg: You had better stay at home.否定：had better not do⑵be able to与can 表示能力时用法相同，但前者有时态的变化，有能力成功做某事。

Eg: We will be able to come back next week.专题练习：1( ) 1 John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A. mayB. canC. has toD. must( ) 2 They ___ do well in the exam.A. can be able toB. be able toC. can able toD. are able to( ) 3 -May I take this book out?-No, you___. A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren’t( ) 4 You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.A. canB. mustC. dareD. would( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese?-No, I____. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not2( ) 1 -He___ be in the classroom, I think.-No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.A. can; may notB. must; may notC. may; can'tD. may; mustn’t( ) 2 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?-Thanks, but you___, I've had enough. A. may not B. must not C. can't D. needn’t ( ) 3 Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need( ) 4 He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to ( ) 5 ___ I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do3( ) 1 The children___ play football on the road. A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must ( ) 2 You ___ be late for school again next time.A. mustn'tB. needn'tC. don't have toD. don't need to( ) 3 -Must I do my homework at once?-No, you___. A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not4( ) 1 His arm is all right. He___ go and see the doctor.A. has not toB. don't have toC. haven't toD. doesn't have to( ) 2 He had to give up the plan, ___ he? A. did B. didn't C. does D. doesn't( ) 3 They had to walk here, ___ they? A. mustn't B. did C. didn't D. hadn't5( ) 1 He had better stay here, ___ he? A. didn't B. don't C. hadn't D. isn't( ) 2 You'd better___late next time. A. not to be B. not be C. won't be D. don't be ( ) 3 You'd better ___ your hair ___ once a month.A. had; cutB. had; cuttedC. have; cutD. have; cutted( ) 4 You___ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way.A. had better not toB. had not betterC. had betterD. had better not6( ) 1 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday?A. Here you areB. Sorry, I can'tC. Yes, pleaseD. Let me try( ) 2 -Why don't you ask Mike to go with us?-Thanks, ___. A. I will B. I won't C. lean D. I may( ) 3 -___ I take the newspaper away?-No, you mustn't. You____read it only here.A. Must; canB. May; canC. Need; mustD. Must; must7( ) 1 Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup?A. DoB. ShouldC. WouldD. Must( ) 2 ___ you like to have another try?A. CouldB. WillC. WouldD. Do( ) 3 -Would you like to go boating with us?-Yes, ___.A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do8( ) 1 You___ worry about your son. He will get well soon.A. needn'tB. can'tC. mustn'tD. have to( ) 2 The poor man needs our help, ___ he?A. needB. needn'tC. doesD. doesn't( ) 3 -Must we do our homework first?-No, you___. You may have a rest first.A. mustn'tB. needn'tC. may notD. can't。