BA5 CK
B. Deictic modifier + Non-
deictic name (measure word)
A
B C
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Examples:
this/that morning/afternoon/week/month/year next/last Mond子a页y/J３anuary/February/decade/century
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A. Time adverbials
Examples: now, then, today, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, recently, two days ago, in three minutes, from now on, right away
• now — the time point of speaking today • yesterday — the day before that of speaking • tomorrow— the day after that of speaking • (two days)ago — (two days) before the time of speaking
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• Had I arrived a little earlier at the airport…
BA9 CK
Non-Deictic Usages
When the reference point of time deixis is a fixed time origin rather than the time of speaking, it is used non-deicticly. Calendric usages are examples of non-deictic usages.
speaking is used as the deictic center. So,
present tense is used for the event happening
A
at/during the time of speaking, past tense for the
event happening before the time of speaking.
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C. Tense of verbs
(a grammatical category)
Examples:
A
Mary is reading on the lakeside.
(Happening at the time of speaking)
B
I wrote a letter to him.
(Happening before the time of speaking)
BA8 CK
C. Tense of verbs
(a grammatical category)
(a) Historical Present:
using present tense to refer to past events, bringing
the historical event closer to the addressee and vivid
A
to life.
(b) Subjunctive Mood:
B
Use past tense to refer to the events that are
impossible to be realized or far away from the reality.
C
Examples:
• If I were you, I…
C
I’m going to see the movie.
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(Happening after the time of speaking)
BA7 CK
C. Tense of verbs
(a grammatical category)
As a rule, in deictic use of tense, the time of
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Time expressions can be used deicticly, when the speaker uses his own time of speaking as the reference time, or non—deicticly when the fixed time of an important event is used as the reference point of time.
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Deictic Usages
The following is an illustration of the time deixis i n deictic uses, that is, the time of speaking is used as the reference point:
A. Time adverbials B. Deictic modifier + Non-deictic name (measurቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ word) C. Tense of verbs (a grammatical category)
Deixis
1. Time deixis
• Deictic usages • Non-deictic usages • Pre-emptiveness of Deictic Words • Factors Influencing Choices between
Deictic and Non-deictic Usages
2. Person deixis
• First person deixis • Second person deixis • Third person deixis
By 陈静宜 柳晨曦 杨沁玉 余昕钰 袁邑婷
Powe张rp金oin张t Te秦mp张la玉tes梅 张扬红
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Time Deixis
B
However, this rule is sometimes violated in order
C
to achieve pragmatic effect.
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The following are two typical examples of deictic
projection or functional variation of tenses.