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(全)高考英语语法真题详解-介词和介词短语

高考英语语法真题详解-介词和介词短语[感悟高考]单句语法填空/单句改错1.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.(2016·全国Ⅲ,50) 2.My connection with pandas goes back__________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter.(2016·全国Ⅰ,65)3.For those who fly to Guilin,it's only an hour away ________ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.(2015·全国Ⅰ,66) 4.Now I am leaving home to college.(2016·全国Ⅲ,短文改错) 5.While they chatted,my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.(2016·浙江,短文改错)答案 1.with 2.to 3.by 4.to→for 5.in→on[考点清单]考点一常见介词的用法1.表示时间的介词at,on,in和for规则❶at表示某个时间点、时刻等,例如:at midnight,at dawn/daybreak,at sunrise/sunset,at dusk等。

规则❷on表示在具体的日子或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上。

例如:on October the first,on a rainy day,on Christmas Eve,on the afternoon of his arrival等。

规则❸in表示在某段较长的时间内(如:世纪、朝代、年代、月份)或泛指上午、下午和傍晚等。

in the 1980's/1980s,in the Qing Dynasty,in October,in the morning/afternoon/evening等。

规则❹for后跟“时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了多久,可与现在完成时、过去时或将来时连用。

I have lived in this city for more than 10 years.我在这座城市住了10多年了。

2.表示交通方式的介词by,in和on规则❶不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词前不带冠词。

例如:by sea/water/land/air等。

规则❷涉及交通工具的名词时用by,但名词需用单数,其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。

例如:by bike/plane/ship/train/spaceship/car等。

规则❸当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时,用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。

例如:on this plane,on my bike,in his car。

3.表示方位的across,through和over规则❶across表示“从……的表面穿过”。

He walked across the square to meet us.他穿过广场来见我们。

规则❷through表示“从……的内部穿过”。

The guide led us through the forest.向导领着我们穿过森林。

规则❸over表示“从……的上面跨过”。

The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.贼跳过栅栏逃跑了。

4.beyond规则❶表示“(时间)过了,比……晚,迟于”。

It's beyond midnight now.Is he still watching the football match?现在已经过了午夜了。

他还在看足球赛吗?规则❷表示“(位置)在……那一边,超出……;为……所不及,超出……的范围”。

Beyond the river stood a power station.过了这条河就是一个发电站。

Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.听了她感人的故事,大家都被感动得无以言表。

5.against规则❶表示“逆……方向,顶着;靠着,倚靠;碰着,撞击(表示方向或位置)”。

He stood with his back against the wall.他背靠墙站着。

规则❷表示“反对(与for意义相反);违背”。

Others are against the idea,saying that learning English is useless and is a waste of energy.其他人反对这个观点,他们说学英语没用,并且浪费精力。

规则❸表示“防备,准备”。

Some animals store food against the winter.有些动物为过冬储备食物。

They have got prepared against flood.他们已经做好了防洪准备。

规则❹表示“衬托,相映”。

The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.在蓝天的映衬下,山峰更显美丽。

6.with的用法规则❶表示“和……一起,和,同,跟”。

Put this bag with the others.把这个包和其他的包放在一起。

规则❷表示“(同时或同一方向)随着”。

With the vital exam drawing near,I felt so nervous that I even couldn't eat or sleep,thus making me very sleepy in class.随着这场重要考试日益临近,我感到如此紧张以至于吃不下睡不着,因此课堂上无精打采。

规则❸表示“具有,带有”、“由于,因为”或“(表示方式)用”。

The dictionary is what I want,but I don't have enough money with me. 这本字典正是我想要的,但是我没带够钱。

There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school.在我们学校自行车存放处有一个长久以来就存在的问题。

考点二常见介词短语规则❶in+名词in advance提前,事先,预先in case如果,万一in charge主管,掌管,看管,负责in return作为回报in turn依次,替换地;相应地,转而in vain徒劳,白费力气的规则❷on+名词on leave在休假on holiday在度假on strike罢工on sale出售规则❸beyond+名词beyond one's power是某人力不能及的beyond one's reach够不着beyond description难以形容beyond words无法用语言形容beyond doubt无疑;肯定规则❹under+名词under construction在建设中under consideration在考虑中under repair在修理中规则❺at+名词at work在上班at lunch在吃午饭at rest在休息at table在吃饭at church做礼拜at peace处于和平状态规则❻out of+名词out of breath上气不接下气地out of balance失去平衡out of touch失去联系out of date过时的规则❼in+名词+ofin favour of同意,赞成in honour of为纪念,为庆祝in memory of为纪念in face of面对in need of需要in search of寻找in charge of负责in spite of尽管in case of如果,万一考点三“动词+介词”短语规则❶动词+介词laugh at嘲笑agree on对……达成协议look for 寻找set about 开始做……consist of 由……组成devote...to...致力于……refer to 参考;查阅规则❷动词+副词+介词go in for爱好;从事put up with忍受go back to 追溯到……go down to 认真做……规则❸动词+名词+介词take advantage of利用pay attention to注意make use of 利用……come up with提出give in to向……让步规则❹动词+sb/sth+介词prevent sb from...阻止某人做……remind sb of...提醒某人……inform sb of通知某人……warn sb of 警告某人……[正误探究]1.【误】I like Mr.Miner's speech;it was clear and on__the__point.【正】I like Mr.Miner's speech;it was clear and to__the__point.【探究】句意:我喜欢Miner先生的讲话,既清楚又切中要点。

to the point 意思为“切中要点”。

2.【误】Did you really see the young man hit my brother on the face? 【正】Did you really see the young man hit my brother in the face? 【探究】句意:你真的看见那个年轻人打我弟弟的脸了吗?“打在脸上”用in the face;“打在鼻子上”用on the nose。

[易错防范]易错点1 思维定势,误解语境Do you think this shirt is too tight________the shoulders?误填to/on答案across [句意:你觉得这件衬衫肩膀的位置太紧了吗?本题考查介词的基本用法。

across the shoulders指肩宽,两肩的距离,故填across。

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