第一讲：名词一、【考点解读】名词是人类认识事物所使用的基本词汇，是用来表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念的名称的词。
在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、称呼语等。
小升初的考点主要集中在名词的分类判断和名词的修饰成分上面。
二、【知识讲解】知识点1——名词的分类和可数名词的单复数一、名词的种类名词是用来表示人名、地名、事物名称及其抽象概念的词类。
名词普通名词可数名词具体名词 抽象名词 不可数名词例:book, student 例：colour, message 具体名词 抽象名词例：rice, sugar 例：work, advice（二）国人变复数的规则如下表：知识点2——常见的不可数名词以及修饰名词的数量词一常见的不可数名词如下表二修饰名词的数量词如下表知识点3——名词的句法作用名词在句子中可以用作如下成分：1. 名词作主语The boy opened the door. 那个男孩把门打开了。
2. 名词作宾语I saw the boy .我看到那个男孩。
（boy 作动词saw的宾语）Give the money to your brother. 把这些钱给你兄弟。
(brother 作介词to的宾语)3.名词作表语He is a clever boy. 他是个聪明的孩子。
4.名词宾语补足语They called him a fool. 他们叫他傻瓜。
He was called a fool.（当含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态的时候，原来的宾语变成了主语，那么原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。
）5.名词作定语Is it a colour film? 是彩色影片吗？6.名词作同位语This is my friend John.知识点4——名词修饰成分的排列顺序下面所列的修饰语的顺序就是名词前修饰成分的常见顺序：1.限定词包括冠词（a ,an ,the ）、指示代词(this, that ,these ,those )、所有格和形容词性物主代词，他们不能同时出现。
2.数量形容词包括序数词和基数词，他们不能同时出现。
3.描述性的修饰语（beautiful , interesting , important ）4.常见的表示大小、高度或长度的形容词（big , large , huge , small , little , tiny , tall , high , deep , long , short 等）。
5.常见的表示年龄、新旧或温度的形容词（old, new , hot , cold ,freezing , burning等）6.常见的表示形状的形容词（round, square , triangle 等）。
7.常见的表示颜色的形容词（green,yellow , brown , black , blue 等）。
8.表示国籍、出身或地点的修饰词（American , Chinese , French ,Italian ,city 等）。
9.表示物质或成分的修饰语（silver , wooden, gold ,silk , steel , glass等）将常见的修饰语按其顺序用汉语变成顺口溜。
我们已经熟悉代词和冠词通常放在前面，所以从数量词开始我们不妨记为：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。
三、【典例探究】【例题1】：1. She must look after those_______.A. dogB. sheepC. parrotD. animal答案：B【解析】词汇辨析。
Those+ns, 决定了要选择名词复数。
-A，C，D三个选项都是可数名词的单数，而B项sheep单复同形，所以答案为B。
【例题2】：2.— Lucy, do you like ?—Yes. Most of my clothes are .A. an orange；an orangeB. orange；orangeC. oranges；orangesD. orange；an orange答案：B【解析】词汇辨析。
orange作为可数名词意思是“橘子"，复数形式为oranges；作为不可数名词意为“橘子汁，橙汁，橘黄色",无复数形式；作为形容词意为“橘黄色的”根据答语可知此题考查它作为形容词和颜色名词的用法，故选择B。
四、【课堂运用】【基础】【练习1】一、朗读下列单词，并按照要求把单词写在相应的横线处。
plane, lake, water, sugar, chair, butter, tea, meat, air, milk, card, cheese, match, news, rice 可数名词不可数名词答案：可数名词plane, lake, chair, card, match不可数名词water, sugar, butter, tea, meat, air, milk, cheese, news, rice【练习2】名词的练习1. 写出下列名词的复数：tooth--_______ goose--________ table --_______ sheep--________man driver--______ potato --________ piano--_______ mouse--_______loaf--________ glass(玻璃杯) --_______2. 找出下列句子中的错误并改正：1）This is a pair of trouser.2）He gave me some advices.3）She went to the library with two ladies friends.4）The police is looking for him.参考答案：1.teeth, geese, tables, men drivers, potatoes, pianos, sheep, mice ,loaves, glasses.2. 1)trouser 不对。
trousers 总是复数2)advises 不对。
advice 是一个不可数名词，不能加-s.3) 应是lady friends. lady 和woman不同，它的复合名词变复数时，只变它后面的名词。
4) police 总是复数，因此要把is 改为are.【巩固】【练习1】可数名词复数不规则变化1. ----What are these? --They are __________.A. deersB. radiosC. radioesD. tomatos2. How many __________ are there in these __________?A. tomatos, photosB. tomatoes, photosC. tomatoes, photoesD.potatos,photoes3. Mr. Chen has two __________.A. toothsB. teethC. teethsD.toothes4. Here are __________ for you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD. some tomato5. Then the __________ began to eat the green __________ of young trees.A. deer, leafsB. deer, leavesC. deer, leafD. deers, leafs答案：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B【练习2】国人复数变化专项1. I met some __________ in the park and talked with them the other day.A. JapaneseB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. English2. --- Excuse me, are you __________? --- Yes, I’m from __________.A. Japan, JapaneseB. China, ChineseC. England, EnglishD.American, America3. A group of __________are talking with two__________ over there.A. Frenchmen, GermansB. Frenchmen, GermenC. Frenchmen, GermanD. Frenchmanes, Germans4. Yesterday a few __________ came to visit some__________ in Shantou.A. German, places of interestB. Germans, places of interestsC. Germans, places of interestD. Germen, places of interest。
5. Two __________ and five __________ are studying Chinese at Beijing University.A. German, EnglishB. Germans, EnglishC. Germans, EnglishmenD. Germen, Englishmen答案：1.A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.C【拔高】【练习1】1.There are two__________ over there. (watch)2. I like taking __________. (photo)3. l can see a __________and two __________ standing there. (man, woman)4. There are two baskets of__________ on the floor. (apple)5. Look at those__________. (child)6. He doesn't like these__________. (glass)7. How many __________can you see? (radio)8. There are more and more __________ drivers in Shanghai now. (woman)9. Give me some __________, please. (water)答案：watches photos man women apples children glasses radios women water 含性别的复合名词1. There are twenty __________ in our hospital.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctor2.__________ are usually careful in doing exercises.A. Girl studentsB. Girls studentsC. Girls’ studentsD.Girl’s students答案：C A复合名词1.The delicious dishes are cooked by __________.A. women cookersB. women cooks C .woman cooks D. woman cookers2. Julie went to the __________ to buy a pair of shoes.A. shoes storeB. shoe’s storeC. shoe storeD. shoes’ store答案：B C【练习2】1. Look at the shoes. They are my __________.A. sisterB. sistersC. sisters’sD. sisters'2. This is __________ room. Come in, please.A. John and Joan ofB. John and Joan’sC. John’s and Joan’sD. John’s and Joan3. We sell __________ in our shop.A. woman and child’s clothesB. women and children T-shirtsC. women’s and children’s jacketsD. woman’s and child’s coats4. We had a good time during our __________ holiday.A. two weeksB. two-weekC. two-week’sD. two weeks’5. __________ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and Lily’sC. Lucy’s and LilyD. Lucy’s and Lily’s6. I like that son of __________.A. John’s sisterB. John sister’sC. John’s sister’sD. John’s sisters7. On __________, all the children can play games all day.A. Children’s DayB. Childrens’ DayC. The Children’s DayD.children day8. This is not my cap, but my __________.A. brothersB. brother’sC. brothers’D. brother9. Tom's car is more beautiful than__________.A. his brother's and sisterB. his brother and sisterC. his brothers and sistersD. his brother's and sister's10. I’ll go and call at __________ right after school.A. the doctorB. the SmithsC. SmithD.my uncle’s答案：D B C B B C A B D D【练习3】1．The ____ house smells as if it hasn't been lived in for years.A. little white woodenB. little wooden whiteC. white wooden littleD. wooden white little2. The husband gave his wife ______every month in order to please her .A. all half his incomeB. his half all incomeC. half his all incomeD. all his half income3. _____student are required to take part in the boat race.A. Ten strong young ChineseB. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strongD. Young strong ten Chinese4. John Smith ,a successful businessman ,has a _____car.A. large German whiteB. large white GermanC. white large GermanD. German large white5. This ______girl is Linda’s cousin.A. pretty little SpanishB. Spanish little prettyC. Spanish pretty littleD. little pretty Spanish答案：A D A B D五、【课后巩固】【习题1】一．根据可数名词的复数规则变化，完成下列表格。