粪肠球菌的应用与安全风险分析佟建明中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所2014-09-22提纲一、粪肠球菌简介二、粪肠球菌在蛋鸡上的饲喂效果三、粪肠球菌的毒力因子四、粪肠球菌主要毒力因子检测五、粪肠球菌的安全风险分析一、粪肠球菌简介也称粪链球菌（Enterococcus faecalis）。
卵圆形细胞，可顺链的方向延长，直径0.5～1.0微米，大多数成对或成短链，通常不运动。
一种兼性厌氧菌，革兰氏阳性细菌，肠道中的优势菌群。
容易培养，在肠道中具有较强的耐受性和定植能力，能分泌细菌素，被用作益生菌。
其安全风险被不断研究和讨论，并日趋深入。
表2.1 试验分组90101.0×10121.0×1010Ⅳ（试验组）90101.0×10101.0×108Ⅳ（试验组）90101.0×1081.0×106Ⅲ（试验组）90101.0×1061.0×104Ⅱ（试验组）901000Ⅰ（对照组）鸡数（只）菌液添加量（ml/kg）菌液浓度（cfu/ml）粪肠球菌添加水平（cfu/g）处理二、粪肠球菌在蛋鸡上的饲喂效果表2.2 粪肠球菌对产蛋期蛋鸡体重及产蛋率的影响86.89681.79686.72888.91586.694141-168天88.71985.39789.73188.21289.939113-140天86.66682.73886.00186.59187.80985-112天93.11289.24691.58790.27892.48957-84天92.76389.20692.57991.74693.01629-56天79.32078.09576.19079.80281.2651-28天产蛋率 (%)1757.201735.251724.771759.771741.25168天1575.661575.491575.571575.571574.600天体重 (g) 1.0×10101.0×1081.0×1061.0×104粪肠球菌添加水平 (CFU/g)项目二、粪肠球菌在蛋鸡上的饲喂效果51.460B48.855B59.225A53.092B51.857B141-168天52.58851.20258.92252.090A 53.687A 113-140天49.89548.43049.46550.12051.03585-112天53.80552.40553.01353.05254.18557-84天52.77751.05352.21852.39553.64829-56天40.43840.10538.78540.88741.6021-28天产蛋量 (g/hen/day)59.19859.74159.22559.68259.818141-168天59.29759.96458.92259.03459.685113-140天57.59358.55557.51257.82158.10485-112天57.79358.73757.87658.76558.56757-84天56.89257.23456.39157.09557.64729-56天50.98451.33850.92551.22451.1931-28天平均蛋重 (g) 1.0×10101.0×1081.0×1061.0×104粪肠球菌添加水平 (CFU/g)项目表2.3 粪肠球菌对蛋重及产蛋量的影响2.2912.3922.2902.1342.263141-168天0.2632.3302.2592.3082.232113-140天 2.3982.4742.4252.3992.23585-112天 2.2122.2612.2542.2622.20657-84天 2.2572.3312.28342.2872.22729-56天 2.7972.8162.9092.7712.7041-28天料蛋比 (g feed/g egg)117.697116.362117.209117.353117.419141-168天118.942118.987119.286119.579119.639113-140天119.497119.457119.527119.185119.48285-112天118.892118.275118.945119.213119.24357-84天118.998118.785118.683119.135119.10829-56天112.780112.682112.227113.117113.3371-28天日采食量 (g/hen/day) 1.0×10101.0×1081.0×1061.0×104粪肠球菌添加水平 (CFU/g)项目表2.4 粪肠球菌对采食量和饲料转化率的影响45.0047.1549.3946.6048.30168天45.6047.0246.9145.8647.00140天48.2549.6248.7145.7848.78112天49.5948.3849.2849.2151.16184天50.0649.9050.7450.7451.2456天49.4449.9049.8648.4050.4528天蛋壳强度 (N/cm 2)0.3830.3830.3930.3870.395168天0.3960.3980.3950.3940.404140天0.3780.3750.3700.3710.378112天0.3650.3620.3710.3640.37084天0.391a 0.392a 0.391a 0.391a 0.381b 56天0.3770.3830.3800.3710.38128天蛋壳厚度 (mm) 1.0×10101.0×1081.0×1061.0×104粪肠球菌添加水平 (CFU/g)项目表2.5 粪肠球菌对蛋壳质量的影响80.0282.0581.0286.4383.43168天88.7790.6389.4387.0289.17140天88.4888.5188.6088.8389.7311289.45ab 91.22a 90.18a 86.95b 89.23ab 84天89.35B 90.12AB 91.32A 89.17B 90.70AB 56天91.4392.6291.6792.2392.1328天哈夫单位 6.486.906.637.557.00168天7.80ab 8.22a 7.97ab 7.55b 7.96ab 140天7.807.887.807.927.97112天7.97ab 8.30a 8.00ab 7.60b 7.92ab 84天7.87b 8.07ab 8.18a 7.90b 8.15a 56天8.278.388.178.328.2728天蛋白高度 (mm) 1.0×10101.0×1081.0×1061.0×104粪肠球菌添加水平 (CFU/g)项目表2.6 粪肠球菌对蛋内质量的影响11.19510.98511.32911.37111.625168天10.85410.79611.04111.05911.421140天10.274B 10.616B 11.039A 11.157A 11.333A 112天11.50711.05911.03311.09211.19584天11.025BC 10.982C 11.348AB 11.351AB 11.557A 56天13.14810.81911.00612.33712.69328天胆固醇含量 (mg/g) 1.0×10101.0×1081.0×1061.0×1040粪肠球菌添加水平 (CFU/g)项目表2.7 粪肠球菌对鸡蛋胆固醇含量的影响172.00A140.38B171.07A150.01AB132.25B28天161.41a 171.15a 159.21a 160.32a 142.22b 21天129.49122.44128.31118.08127.590天血清 IgA (µg/ml）105.57B 129.29A 124.13A 131.82A 129.48A 28天115.65C 161.88A 132.10BC 139.22B 129.94BC 21天111.44116.52111.14108.08105.590天新城疫抗体 (pg/ml） 1.0×10101.0×1081.0×1061.0×104粪肠球菌添加水平 (CFU/g)项目表2.8 粪肠球菌对蛋鸡免疫机能的影响12.16b12.26b12.83b12.91b14.21a168天12.4112.4912.9012.7214.32140天10.1410.9713.6612.1813.94112天12.6812.8913.6514.1114.2884天12.6113.7812.3812.0614.1356天13.4713.6213.8713.9314.1428天14.2714.3414.2514.2214.270天TG (mmol/L) 2.742.652.752.802.98168天 2.802.842.762.842.98140天 2.572.712.902.902.98112天 2.79B 2.72B 2.77B 2.67B 3.19A 84天 2.902.532.712.692.9956天 2.932.903.012.993.0128天 2.942.993.032.992.990天CHO (mmol/L) 1.0×10101.0×1081.0×1061.0×104粪肠球菌添加水平 (CFU/g)项目表2.9 粪肠球菌对血液胆固醇和甘油三酯的影响8.07±0.197.89±0.248.46±0.198.18±0.217.93±0.21盲肠8.99±0.249.13±0.269.53±0.248.79±0.309.79±0.26回肠9.35±0.179.95±0.219.54±0.179.91±0.2110.04±0.19空肠沙门氏菌9.34±0.399.53±0.439.27±0.359.26±0.398.56±0.39盲肠8.13±0.32b 8.72±0.39b 8.75±0.32b 9.19±0.39ab 9.95±0.35a 回肠9.40±0.179.92±0.219.69±0.1710.00±0.199.95±0.19空肠大肠杆菌 1.0×10101.0×1081.0×1061.0×104粪肠球菌添加水平 (log10 CFU/g)项目表2.10 粪肠球菌对肠道大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的影响粪肠球菌的应用效果评价在蛋鸡饲料中添加粪肠球菌对提高蛋鸡生产性能、增强免疫机能、调节脂质代谢、降低鸡蛋胆固醇、抑制肠道中的沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌繁殖等，具有一定的作用效果。