动词不定式的被动语态一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done以 the book , publish 为例：一般现在/过去时： The book_______________________________.一般/过去将来时: The book _________________________________.The book __________________________________.现在/过去进行时：The book ___________________________________.现在/过去完成时:The book _____________________________________.情态动词： The book _____________________________________.二：动词不定式的被动语态1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：1）一般式（not/never ）to be done2）完成式 (not/ never)to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1）做主语（常用it做形式主语）To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.(或者：____________________________________________________)被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。
__________________________________________________________________ 2）做表语The party is to be held next Saturday evening.明年，这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。
_________________________________________________________________ 3）做宾语She didn’t like to be treated as a child.He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father..这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。
__________________________________________________________________ 4）做宾语补足语Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。
_________________________________________________________________ 5）做定语What a victory to be envied by those women!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。
__________________________________________________________________6）做状语All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。
________________________________________________________________3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。
1) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时He has nothing to eat. (分析： eat (动→nothing宾 / he 主→eat 谓) I will give you a book to read .(分析： _____ 动→____宾/ _____主→_____谓)这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。
_______________________________________________________________★注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式比较： I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter)I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为： I get sb. to type the letter)I’ll go to New York. Have you anything __________(take) to your wife thereDo you have any clothes _____________(wash), sir” asked the maidI cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _____________(wash)2) 在“主语+表语（形容词）to do”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。
This question is easy to answer. （分析：answer (动)------this question （宾））★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with. （分析：_________(动)----____________(宾)）这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。
____________________________________________这题目很难算出来。
_____________________________________________3. There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。
_______________________________________________练习一、填空. (请用to do , to be doing, to have done, to be done, to have been done )1.It will take several weeks for your computer to___________________(repair)2.I knew him _____________________(catch) by the police.3. A vote is required _____________________(take) in our company at once.4.This makes it possible for them ________(make) metals into anyrequired shapes5.Dick sped on the motorway only _______________(fine)6.When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed __———____________________(steal) it.7.The book is said to ______________________(translate) into severallanguages.8.I feel greatly honored __________________(welcome) into theirsociety .e on! It is an easy sentence ________________(translate).10.When I came in, he pretended to ____________________.(read)11.All these gifts must be mailed immediately______________________(receive) in time for Christmas.12.Mrs Smith warned her daughter ______________(not drive) afterdrinking.13.Hearing the good news, he was too excited _______________(speak).14.It happened ____________________(rain) when I got there.15.I am terribly sorry _________________(lose) your key.16.I am sorry _____________(say )that he is going from bad to worse.17.He asked______________(send) to the place where he was most needed.18.What he hoped was____________________(admit) into the university19.He got to the station only ____________(find) all the tickets had beensold out.20.I am sorry ___________________(keep) you waiting so long.21.On their return the father asked his son _________(explain) what hehad learnt.22..My advisor encouraged me _________(take) a summer course to improvemy writing skills.23. don’t know whether you happen _________________(hear), but I’m goingto study in the this September.24.4. The flu is believed ___________(cause) by viruses that like toreproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.25.He seems _______________（punish) by his teacher yesterday.26.__________(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operationon her.27. He was too frightened _____ (say) anything.28.The school ordered all the classroom__________( clean ).29.My grandmother seems to have a lot ____________(worry) about.30.I am going to the post office. Do you have any letter_______________(post)31.You are lucky enough ____________________(not catch) in the rain.二：翻译练习1.据说这会议已经被取消了2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。