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❖ Encounter with Grendel, the monster
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❖ Encounter with Grendel’s mother
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Encounter with the fire-dragon
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Middle English Literature
English Literature
❖Old English literature ❖Middle English Literature ❖Early Morden English literature ❖English Renaissance ❖The Seventeenth Century ❖The Eighteenth Century
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand，
And eternity in an hour.
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Dreams
Langston Hughes
Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly.
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Beowulf: an Anglo-Saxon or England’s national epic of 3182 lines.
An epic is a long narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating and celebrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history of a nation.
❖The power of life Fertility generative forces
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图腾崇拜
❖ 人们把某种动植物或其他事物当作自己的 氏族，部落民族有某种血缘关系，那么这
种事物就叫做“图腾”。人们把图腾作为
神袛对待，并加以神化祭祀，被成为图腾
信仰或图腾崇拜。图腾崇拜是原始宗教信
仰发展到一定历史阶段的产物，是在原始
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Chivalry simply means in its primitive sense: service on horseback. It is derived from the French word cheval, a word in itself derived from the Latin.
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A green knight enters Arthur’s court
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❖The Old English
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❖Native people: Celts ❖The cult of mistletoe
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Mistletoe in an apple tree in Essex, England
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❖Mistletoe seeds h
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Why is there a worship of tree?
社会后期产生的，它融于自然崇拜，动植
物崇拜，鬼神崇拜，祖先崇拜为一体，在
世界原始民族中都曾普遍盛行。
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中国古代的图腾崇拜
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❖55B.C.---407A.D. Roman invasion ❖450A.D onward the invasion of the
Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, and Jutes)
Tagore
The furthest distance in the world Is not between life and death
But when I stand in front of you Yet you don't know that I love you
The furthest distance in the world Is not when i stand in font of you Yet you can't see my love
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❖The knight swore to accomplish the duties of his station and live by his chivalric virtues,
❖The knight is a person in
search of justice and
humility.
the Britons who fought against the invading
Anglo-Saxons. According to legend, Arthur was
the son of Uther Pendragon, king of Britain.
Kept in obscurity during childhood, he was
Why is there thhe round table? 38
The Arthurian legend’s great influence on western cultures and manners.
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Chivalry is an idealization of virtue, a marriage of military prowess and courtesy, a sense of justice and honour.
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What is literature ?
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A kind of creative writing
To convey a personal experience to reader
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❖Literature: is a kind of creative writing that conveys a personal experience to reader
❖ These are the only ways I know it. Is there any other way?”
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A Grain of Sand (William Blake)
❖
To see a world in a grain of sand， And a heaven in a wild flower，
But when undoubtedly knowing the love from
both Yet cannot Be togehhter
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The furthest distance in the world Is not being apart while being in love
But when plainly can not resist the yearning Yet pretending You have never been in my heart
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Emily Dickinson(1830-1886)
❖ “If I read a book and it makes my whole body so cold no fire can ever warm me, I know that is poetry.
❖ If I feel physically as if the top of my head were taken off, I know that is poetry.
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The results of the Norman Conquest
❖ Three languages existed Latin------ church and academia
French----- government and court English----- English people and oral literature
praise for a great king:
❖ Hwæ t! We Gardena in geardagum þeodcyninga þrym gefrunon hu ða æ þelingas ellen fremedon.
modern English:
❖ Lo! Of the Spear-Danes, in days of yore, we have heard; of the glory of the people's kings, how the noble ones did deeds of valour.
suddenly presented to the people as their king.
He gathered a great company of knights in his
court and discussed problems with them at a
round table.
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❖ The furthest distance in the world Is
not when painly cannot resist the yearning yet pretending you have never been in my heart
But using one's indifferent heart To dig an uncrossable river For the one who loves you