M2 U1 Grammar and UsageTeaching objectives:At the end of the class, students will be able to1. learn more about the present perfect tense in different situations.2. finish some exercises in groups.Teaching important and difficult points:How to guide the students to understand the usage of the tense in various situations.Teaching procedures:Step I. lead-in---The present perfect tense1.Revision: translate the following sentences1).美国警方现已加紧对一名15岁男孩的搜索。
_____________________________________________________________________________.2).自从上周五晚我就没有看到贾斯丁。
_____________________________________________________________________________.3). People have shown great interest in his disappearance due to reports of alien visits…4). People have reported seeing a wild creature in the Himalayas called Yeti.The tense of these sentences: __________________________________2. Find out some sentences which are in the present perfect tense in the passage.Mr. Zhang has just bought a new car, but he has had trouble with motorists. When he returns home at night he always find that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into this garage even once. He has to walk home after he parks his car. “ what’s the matter? Have you bought a car?” “ Yes, but…” Mr. Zhang has put up a “ No parking” sign outside his gate, but it has not any effect.3. Summary: The Form of Present Perfect TenseThe affirmative form (肯定形式) : ____________________The negative form (否定形式) : ____________________The interrogative form(疑问形式)：____________________________Step II. How to use present perfect tense.We ___________________(already open) the window.过去的动作: we opened the window.对现在的影响: The window is open.(Ⅰ). Situation 1The boys are tired. They ________________ (just play) a ball game.过去的动作: The boys played a ball game.对现在的影响: The boys are tired.Summary:现在完成时用法1---已完成、影响性用法现在完成时表示动作开始于过去，结束于过去，但对现在仍有影响或造成结果。
通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just, already, before, yet, never, ever, lately, recently等状语连用。
Tip1: already:用于肯定句; yet:用于否定句和疑问句[Drill 1]1. I ________(have) lunch already.2. Has the train_______ (arrive), yet?3.Tom ____ never_______ (be to ) China.4.The twin ______just _____(see) my father.5. The twins ____(see) my father just now. (Simple past tense)我的车已经修好了，下周我们可以开车去上海。
My car has been repaired. We can drive to Shanghai next week.The form of Passive Voice: have /has +been +done(Ⅱ). Situation 2:Daniel __________ (live) in Beijing since he came to China.Summary 2：现在完成时用法2--未完成，延续性强调动作或状态发生于过去一直延续到现在，且有可能继续下去（适用于延续动词）1. 迄今为止：so far, up till now, up to now, until now….2.最近的过去：in /during the last/past years3.最近：recently, lately, these few days….4.到这个时候：by this time5.从……以来: ever since1.We _________________(study) English for about four years.2.We ____________________ (live) in Li ji Middle School since 2007.3.I ___________________________（not see）Mary so far.4.I ____________________________(hear) nothing from him up to now.5.He _______________________ (not talk) with me in the past few days.Tip2:for后接的是时间段since后接（过去的）时间点。
[Drill 2]1.The price _____recently, but I doubt whether it will remain so.A increased,B will increaseC has increasedD was going to increase2. In the past few years there ____ great changes in our town.A isB wereC have beenD will be.Tip3: 瞬间性动词如arrive, join , die, get , come, buy, sell, leave, borrow, marry 等，以及终止性动词如start, begin, finish等，在现在完成时的肯定形式中不能与“for + 一段时间”的时间状语连用，但可以用在否定句或这些动词对应的状态动词中。
为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have, keep, be等来代替非延续性动词。
Choose the right answers:1. I have joined/been in the army for ten year.2. He has been to /gone to Dalian many times.3. She has got married/been married to Roberts for a year.4. He has gone/ been away for two days.5. He has had/ has bought this book for a year.The police have just finished searching the area.(Ⅲ). Situation 3Present Perfect Tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago.Billy:_____ the sports meeting might be put off.Paul: Yes , it all depends on the weather.A. I’ve been toldB. I’ve toldC. I’m toldD. I told(Ⅳ). Situation 4.I __________ (be) to Egypt twice.I went to Egypt in 1986. I went to Egypt in 2004.Summary: 现在完成时用法4---经历用法现在完成时表示过去某一时间到现在这段期间内反复发生的动作。
How many times have you been to Egypt?(Ⅴ). Extension Sentence patterns :1)This (That/It) is the first (second…) time + that-clauseThis is the first time that I _________ (see) pandas2 )This (That/It) is the only /last time … + that-clauseIt is the only time that I_____________ (travel )abroad.3)This (That/It) is the best/ finest /most interesting … + that-clause.It is the most delicious food that I ___________(taste)(Ⅵ). Since 的补充用法A.主句+since+从句Great changes have taken place since you left.B. It is +时间段+ since+从句（a）. It is / has been two years since I left my hometown. （b）. It was /had been two years since I had left my hometown.(Ⅶ). 在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时,表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作I shall post the letter as soon as I have finished it. 我一写完这封信就寄出去。