基于水平集的牙齿CT图像分割技术作者:汪葛王远军来源:《计算机应用》2016年第03期摘要:牙齿的计算机断层扫描(CT)图像中存在边界模糊、相邻牙齿粘连等情况,且拓扑结构较为复杂,要实现准确的牙齿分割非常困难。
对传统的牙齿CT图像分割方法,特别是近年来用于牙齿分割的水平集方法进行介绍,对其水平集函数中各能量项进行研究,并通过对比实验体现水平集方法的优越性。
基于水平集的牙齿CT图像分割方法中水平集函数的能量项主要包括:竞争能量项、梯度能量项、形状约束能量项、全局先验灰度能量项、局部灰度能量项。
实验结果表明基于混合模型的水平集方法分割效果最佳,切牙与磨牙分割准确率分别为88.92%和92.34%,相比自适应阈值和传统水平集方法,分割准确率总体提升10%以上。
在综合利用图像信息和先验知识的基础上,通过对水平集函数中能量项进行优化和创新,有望进一步提高分割的准确率。
关键词:牙齿锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)图像;图像分割;水平集;能量项;混合模型中图分类号: TP391.413 文献标志码:A0引言近年来,人体组织器官的可视化技术已经成为计算机辅助诊断的重要工具。
由于牙齿的计算机断层扫描(Computer Tomography, CT)图像同时包含了牙冠和牙根的解剖信息,为重建完整的牙齿模型提供了可靠数据。
而牙齿的分割作为牙齿模型重建工作中的一个重要步骤,对牙齿分割方法的研究具有重要意义。
牙齿的形状和牙根的具体位置等信息对牙齿的正畸手术、种植手术、根管治疗等临床操作非常重要。
通常手术前需要对这些信息进行手动测量和获取,这个过程往往非常耗时,而且其准确性也不能达到非常高的要求。
因此,通过获得牙齿的三维数字模型可以为口腔疾病的诊断和手术治疗方案的制定等提供完整的解剖信息,极大地提高诊断的准确性和手术的成功率。
为了获得精确的三维信息,则必须要求对牙齿CT图像进行准确分割。
目前基于水平集的图像分割算法已广泛应用于医学图像分割领域,这一类算法可以很好地解决外形复杂和拓扑结构变化剧烈的情况。
本文主要针对水平集方法(Level Set Method, LSM)在牙齿CT图像分割应用中的研究进展进行综述和讨论。
3结语本文针对基于水平集的牙齿CT图像分割技术的研究进展进行探讨。
首先对传统的分割方法进行概述,然后在简要介绍水平集理论之后对应用于牙齿CT图像分割的水平集方法进行详细介绍,并对其水平集函数的能量项进行深入研究,最后,通过分割实验结果详细比较了当前典型的三种方法的精确性。
通过对水平集函数中能量项的改进与创新,基于混合模型的水平集方法在分割CT牙齿图像上已取得了较为满意的结果。
但对于初始层的分割,需要操作人员手动选择初始层的位置,如何减少主观影响、提高算法的自动化程度是未来改进的方向;且目前此类方法的研究针对的都是无金属伪影和阻生牙干扰的情况,为满足临床实际的需要,未来还需深入研究各能量项的混合模型,以实现对牙冠、牙根的精确分割。
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