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初中英语考点总结——初中英语常用构词法归纳

初中英语常用构词法归纳
1. 合成法
1)名词+名词→名词
basketball
bookshop
bookstore
housework
homework
2) 形容词+名词→名词
blackboard
Englishman
loudspeaker
3) 介词+名词→名词(或形容词)
afternoon
underground
4) 名词+过去分词→形容词
man-made
5) 名词(形容词)+名词+ed→形容词
glass-topped
kind-hearted
6) 副词+名词→介词
inside
downstairs
2. 派生法
后缀(后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义):
1)动词或形容词+er/or →名词
writer n
traveler n.
for eigner n.
inventor n.
visitor n.
2) 动词+(t)ion/sion → 名词
invention n.
o peration n.
decision
attention
3) 动词+ing/ed → 名词或形容词
b uilding n.
interesting/interested adj.
pleased adj.
4) 名词+ese /ian→名词和形容词
Chinese n.adj.
Japanese n. Adj.
American
Indian
5) 名词或动词+ full →形容词
helpful adj.
Useful adj.
6) 动词+able → 形容词
enjoyable. adj.
forgettable adj.
7) 名词+en →形容词
woolen adj.
wooden adj.
8) 名词+y → 形容词
sunny adj.
cloudy adj
lucky adj.
noisy adj.
smelly adj.
9)形容词+ly →副词
happily adv.
luckily adv.
10) 形容词+ness → 名词
kindness n.
happiness n.
11) 名词+ly →形容词
friendly adj.
lovely adj.
12) 名词+ less →形容词(词义与加ful相反)
careless adj.
helpless adj.
13) 名词+ al →形容词national adj.
educational adj.
traditional adj.
14) 名词+ ist →名词
scientist n.
pianist n.
tourist n.
15) 动词+ ment →名词development n.
agreement n.
argument n.
16) 形容词+ ity →名词ability n.
possibility n.
reality n.
17) 名词+ous →形容词dangerous adj.
18) 名词+ish →形容词
foolish adj.
childish adj.
bookish adj.
19) 形容词或名词+en →动词
widen v.
sharpen v
frighten v.
20) 名词或形容词+ify →动词beautify v
simplify v.
21) 形容词+ize →动词
realize v.
memorize v.
22) 动词+tiv e →形容词active adj.
attractive adj.
23)动词+ess →名词(女性)
hostess n.
actress n.
waitress n.
前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性):
1) un- (不,非,表示否定,形容词前缀)
unhappy(不高兴的)
unlike(不像)
2) im- (不,无,非,表示否定,形容词前缀,常用在p, b, m开头的单词前)
impossible
impolite
3) in- (不,无,非,表示否定,形容词前缀)
inactive
incomplete
4) dis-(不,非,表示否定,动词或形容词或名词前缀)
dishonest
disagree
disadvantage
5) mis- (表示错误)
misunderstand
mistake
misuse
6) re- (再,重复)
retell
rebuild
rewrite
7) bi- (两个、双边的)
bicycle
bicolor
8) inter- (相互、交互、在一起)
interview
International
internet
9) tele- (远)
telephone
television
10) kilo- (千)
kilometer
kilogram
11) micro- (微,小)
microwave oven
microcomputer
12) sub- (下,次,亚,准,副)
subway
suburb
3. 转化法
1) 名词→动词
rain
shop
water
land
name
2)形容词→动词
last adj the last minute.
V. The film lasted 2 hours
tidy adj.a tidy room
V. Please tidy the room.
own adj.my own room
V. I own a room.
3) 形容词→名词
back adj.the back yard
n. The monkey climbed to the tiger’s back.
light adj.The box is light
n. turn on the light.
4) 动词→名词
stop v.Stop the bus.
n. bus stop
lift v. Please lift the box.
n.. Take the lift.
[注意] ①词形不变,读音的差别(字母s读[z]为动词,读[s]为名词或形容词)
use v.使用
use n.用途
excuse v.原谅
excuse n.借口
②词形改变的转化:
live v.生活
life n.生活
fill v.装满
full adj.满的
save v.救
safe adj.安全的
enter v.进入entrance n.入口处
different adj.不同的difference n.不同之处
important--importance
different—difference。

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