某小型水电站电气主接线设计摘要随着现代社会经济的发展和水利科学技术的进步，人类对于水能资源开发利用的程度越来越高，调节水资源、利用水能、开发水利的强度越来越大。
在我国，河流众多，径流丰沛、落差巨大，蕴藏着非常丰富的水能资源。
据统计，中国河流水能资源蕴藏量6.76亿KW，年发电量59200亿KWh;可能开发水能资源的装机容量3.78亿KW，年发电量19200亿KWh。
我国水能蕴藏量居世界第一，可能开发量居世界首位，单一国土面积平均，每平方公里的可能开发容量，我国仅居世界第11位。
而以人口平均，我国的位次更低，人均资源量只占世界平均值的70%左右。
对于这种现状，能最大效率地开发和利用水能就显得至关重要。
小水电是指容量为12～0.5MW的小水电站，运行寿命长，坚固耐用，价格稳定，小水电在全国分布也很广泛（在全国2166个县、市中有1573个县有可开发小水电资源），并且可以提高水能综合利用率。
对于用电规模较小的边远地区和中大型水电站的二级工程来说，所有这些优点是小水电站成为最具有吸引力的发展对象。
对于边远地区，长距离供电容易造成电能损耗高或者为了降低损耗而额外的经济投资大，因此对于西南边远地区可以充分地利用当地丰富的水资源建造小型水电站。
这种类型的水电站一般比较边了适应电网的智能化建设，对于监控、信号采集、遥调、遥控等二远，为了减少故障发生的概率，故对电机、断路器、架空线（电缆）、变压器及二次设备的质量要求较高；同时，二次设备设计要功能全面。
由于发电机容量不大，可有两台发电机与一台变压器组成扩大单元接线，减少了变压器及其高压侧断路器的台数，相应的配电装置间隔也减少，节约投资于占地。
本毕业设计有两套方案，采用了很符合本设计低故障的第一套方案。
【关键字】水能资源；小水电；智能化建设；方案大学论文AbstractWith modern social economy development and water conservancy development of science and technology, human for water resources development and utilization degree more and more high, adjust water resources, using the intensity of hydropower, development more and more water In China, with its many rivers, runoff drenched, divide huge, containing the very rich water resources. According to statistics, China's rivers 6.76 billion KW hydropower resources reserves 59200 billion KWh, annual generation; May develop the hydropower resources 3.78 billion KW, installed capacity 19200 billion KWh annual generation capacity. Our country is ranked first in water, may back hurriedly the highest in the world, a single land area per square kilometers, on average, China may develop capacity only the 11th in the world. And the average by population, China, the per capita resource fit lower accounts for only about 70% of the world average. For this kind of situation, can maximum efficiency to develop and make use of the water are very important·The small hydropower capacity of 12 ~ refers to the small hydropower station of 0.5 MW, running long life, durable, price stability, small hydropower in national distribution in the country is also widely (round counties, cities in May have developed counties 1573 small hydropower resources), and can improve water comprehensive utilization. For electricity smaller remote areas and medium-large hydropower station for the secondary engineering, all of these advantages is the small hydropower become the most attractive development object.For remote areas, power loss caused by long distance power supply easy high or to reduce loss and additional economy big investment, so for southwest outlying areas can make full use of the local rich water resources to build small hydropower station. This type of hydropower station is compared commonly edge of intelligent building adapted to grid for monitoring, signal acquisition and remote-sensing attune, remote control, etc, in order to reduce the two far fault the probability of occurrence in the motor, circuit breakers, bus (cable), transformer and secondary equipment quality requirement is higher; Meanwhile, second equipment design should fully functional. Generator capacity is not big, but because there are two generators and composed a transformer, reducing the expanded unit wiring and high voltage side of transformer, the corresponding number circuit breaker switchgears intervals, saving investment in covering reduction. The two sets of graduation design scheme, using a very accord with the design of the first scheme.【Key words】water resources, small hydropower capacity, intelligent building, scheme.目录第一章电气主接线 (1)1.1设计原则 (1)1.2 各方案的比较 (2)第二章厂用电设计 (4)2.1 厂用电设计原则 (4)第三章短路电流计算 (5)3.1 对称短路电流计算 (5)第三章电气主设备选择 (10)4.1高压电气设备选择的一般条件 (10)4.2高压断路器的选择和校验 (11)4.3隔离开关的选择和校验 (14)4.4电流互感器的选择和校验 (15)4.5电压互感器的选择 (17)4.6 高压熔断器的选择 (19)4.7 避雷器的选择 (20)4.8 支柱绝缘子和穿墙套管的选择 (20)4.9 母线的选择与校验 (20)4.10 开关柜的选择 (23)4.11 厂用变压器的选择 (23)第四章发电机继电保护原理设计及保护原理 (24)5.1 初步分析 (24)5.2 对F1 的保护整定计算 (25)第六章计算机监控系统方案论证选择 (29)6.1 系统功能 (29)总结................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
致谢................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
参考文献. (34)附表I (35)附表II (36)第一章电气主接线1.1设计原则本毕业设计着重于小水电站为电规模较小的边远地区提供一定可靠性的供电和中大型水电站的二级工程供电，据此要求：<1> 保证必要的供电可靠性和电能质量安全可靠是电力生产的首要任务，保证供电可靠和电能质量是对主接线最基本的要求。
在设计时，除对主接线形式予以定性评价外，对于比较重要的水电站需要进行定量分析和计算。
小型水电站虽地处边远地区，但供电的可靠性对当地的发展起着至关重要的作用。
<2> 具有很强的可移植性在全国有大量的小型水电资源，电气主接线设计越尽可能有强的移植性和针对各地方实际情况有更符合实际的设计方案，这样对大范围地推广此种小型水电站有很大的益。