最新2019 英语语言学期末试题练习 +答案Ⅰ. MatchingMatch each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B.Column A1.最新2019 英语语言学期末试题练习 +答案ngue3.suprasegmental feature4.deep structure5.predication analysis6.idiolect7.pidgin 8.mistakes9.interlanguage10.motivation11.arbitrariness12.13.broad transcription14.morphology15.category16.errors17.18.context19.blending20.culture21.learning strategies22.selectional restrictions23.phrase structure rules24.culture diffusion最新2019 英语语言学期末试题练习 +答案A.Learners’ independe nt system of the second language，which is of neither the native languagenor the second language，but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive，having a strong impact on his effortsn learning a second language. 21C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23D.24E. 6F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speakdifferent languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents----- arguments and predicates. 5H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties.4J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3K.The study of the internal structure of words，and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14L. 2nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1N.Learner’s conscious，goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10O.20P.18Q.. 19R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language，such as a sentence，a noun phrase or a verb. 15S.17T.The ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.12U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13W.They reflect gaps in a learner’s knowledge of the target language，not self-corrigible. 16 X.They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8Ⅱ.Blank-filling.Fill in the following blanks with a word，whose initial letter has been given.1.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotation is a good illustration of thea____ nature of language. Arbitrary2.The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; thedescription of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user’ Competence4._. This marks the essential difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction5.The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments arecalled the a____ of the phoneme. Allophone6.Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic environment. They aresaid to be in c____ distribution.7.When pitch，stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation，they are collectively known as i____. Intonation8.The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. Minimum9.I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammaticalmarkers，signifying such concepts as tense，number，case and so on. Inflectional10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements: head，specifier，and c____. Complement11.Concerning the study of meaning，conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link betweena linguistic form and what it refers to; rather，in the interpretation of meaning they are linkedthrough the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept12.The sense relation between “animal” and “dog” is called h____.hyponymy13.P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.Polysemy14.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning thec____ of use is taken into consideration. Context15.S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. Sociolect16.WHO is an a____ derived from the initials o f “World Health Organization”. Acronym17.According to Halliday，language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations.The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r____.Register18.Diffusion19.Subconsciouslynguage a______ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language. Acquisition21.Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “v”，which is afeature of all vowels and some consonants in English. V oice22.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment are called s____ features.Suprasegmental23.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and rules for word f____.Formation24.The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____. Morpheme25.The sense relation between “autumn” and “fall” is called s____. Synonym26.H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form，i.e. ，different words are identical in sound or spelling，or in both. Homonymy27.Implicature28.SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”.Acronym29.I____ is a personal dialect of an indi Idiolect30.RP，the short form of “R____ Pronunciation” refers to the particular way of pronouncingstandard English. ReceivedⅢ.Multiple choice.Choose the best answer to the following items.1.____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. Leonard BloomfieldD. M. A. K. Halliday2.In the scope of linguistics，____ form the part of language which links together the soundpattern and meaning.A. morphology and syntaxB. phonetics and semanticsC. semantics and syntaxD. morphology and semantics3.____ studies the sounds from the hearer’s point of view，i.e.，how the sounds are perceivedby the hearer.A. auditory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. articulatory phonetics4.Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop? ____A. godB. bossC. cockD. dog5.Which of the following words ends with a dental，voiceless fricative? ____A. roseB. waveC. clothD. massage6.Which of the following words contains a back，open and unrounded vowel? ____A. godB. bootC. walkD. task7.Which of the following is Not a velar sound? _____A. [h]B. [k]C. [g]D. [ŋ]8.Which of the following is Not a minimal pair?____A. bat，biteB. kill，pillC. peak，pig，D. meat，seat9.Which of the following is an open class words?____A. emailB. butC. theD. they10.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the inflectional morphemes except____.A. paintsB. painterC. paintedD. painting11.Which of the following words has more than three morphemes? ____A. psychophysicsB. boyfriendsC. forefatherD. undesirability12.The pair of words “dead and alive” is called ____.A.gradable antonymsB. relational opposites13.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylistic synonyms?____A. torch & flashlightB. die & deceaseC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage14.X: John has given up smoking.Y: John used to smoke.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y15.X: My father has been to London.Y: My father has been to UK.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y16.A. impoliteB. incorrectC. indirectD. unclear17.According to Searl’s classification of speech acts，which of the following is an instance ofdirectives? ____A.I fire you!B.Your money or your life!C.I’m sorry for the mess I have made.D.I have never seen the man before.18.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang19.The word “Kodak” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym20.Which of the following words is Not formed by means of clipping?_____A. memoB. motelC. quakeD. gym21.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means22.Which of the following theories of language acquisition believes that language learning issimply a matter of imitation and habit formation? ____.A.The behaviorist viewB. The innatist viewC. The interactionist viewD. The cognitive theory23.Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization? ____.A.Jane told me to give up smoking.B.Jane asked me to give up smoking.C.Jane advised me to give up smoking.D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking.24.Which of the following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen? ____.A.Critical Period HypothesisB. Input HypothesisC. Language Acquisition Device HypothesisD. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis25.Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operative Principles?A.Paul GriceB. John SearleC. KrashenD. Leech26.Which of the following linguists is the initiator of transformational generative grammar?A. F. de SaussureB. N. ChomskyC. G. LeechD. M. A. K. Halliday27. .B. A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin... creoleC. C. regional dialect... sociolectD. sociolect ... regional dialect28.____ studies the sounds from the speaker’s point of view，i.e.，how a speaker uses his speechorgans to articulate speech sounds.A. Auditory phoneticsB. Acoustic phoneticsC. Articulatory phonetics29.We know the verb “put” requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv. Thus，the process of puttingwords of the same lexical category into smaller classes according to their syntactic characteristic is called .A. categorizationB. subcategorizationC. syntactic categoriesD. coordination30.Which of the following words contains a front，close and unrounded vowel? ____A. badB. bedC. beatD. but31.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the derivational morphemes except____.A. fasterB. writerC. lovelyD. conversion32.Which of the following is an open class words?____A. emailB. butC. theD. they33.The pair of words “borrow and lend” is called ____.A.gradable antonymsB. relational opposites34.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as collocational synonyms?____A. torch & flashlightB. pretty & handsomeC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage35.X: My sister will soon be divorced.Y: My sister is a married woman.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y36.X: John married a blond heiress.Y: John married a blond.The sentence relation between X and Y is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is contradictory with Y37.According to Searl’s classification of speech acts，which of the following is Not an instanceof directives? ____A. Open the window!B. Your money or your life!C. Would you like to go to the picnic with us?D. I have never seen the man before.38.The word “brunch” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym39.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means40.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" isknown as a( n)A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form41.Which of the following theories of language acquisition holds that human beings arebiologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking? ____.A. The behaviorist viewB.The innatist viewC.The interactionist viewD.The cognitive theory42.The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as .A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula43.Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by Eric Lenneberg? ____.A. Critical Period HypothesisB.Input Hypothesisnguage Acquisition Device HypothesisD.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis44.Morphemes that represent tense，number，gender and case are called ____morpheme.A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational45.There are ____ morphemes in the word denationalization?A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixnguage isA. instinctiveB. non-instinctiveC. staticD. genetically transmitted47.Pitch variation is known as ____ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice48.Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?A. [z]B.[w]C.[e]D.[v]49.21. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. [n]B. [m]C. [b]D. [p]50.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. [i:]B. [u]C. [e]D. [i]51.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. VoicelessB. VoicedC. Glottal stopD. Consonant52.When a child uses “mummy” to refer to any woman，most probably his “mummy”means .A. + HumanB. + Human + AdultC. + Human + Adult – MaleD. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent53.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day，eight days a week." obviously violatesthe maxim of ______.A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner54.The pair of words “north” and “south” is ___.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms55.Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of cross-association?A. other / anotherB. much / manyC. stalagmite / stalagtiteD. bow / bow56.describes whether a proposition is true or false.A. TruthB. Truth valueC. Truth conditionD. Falsehood57."John sent Mary a post card." is a case ofA. one-place predicationB. two-place predicationC. three-place predicationD. no-place predication58."John killed Bill but Bill didn't die" is a( n)A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction59.refers to the process whereby a word is shortened without a change in the meaning and inthe part of speech.A. BlendingB. Back-formationC. ClippingD. Conversion60.Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study of general linguistics?A. soundB. structureC. meaningD. applicationⅣ.True of false judgment.Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one.1.Linguistics studies languages in general，but not any particular language，e.g. English，Chinese，Arabic，and Latin，etc. T2.Modern linguistics regards the written language as the natural or primary medium of humanlanguage. F3.In narrow transcription，we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols only while inbroad transcription we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols together with the diacritics. T4.By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language. T5.T6.Of the three phonetics branches，the longest established one，and until recently the mosthighly developed，is acoustic phonetics. F7.The meaning of the word “seal” in the sentence “the seal could not be found” cannot bedetermined unless the context in which the sentence occurs is restored. T8.An Innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically programmedfor language. T9.According to co-operative principle，the conversational participants have to strictly observethe four maxims，so that the conversation can go on successfully. F10.The same word may stir up different association in people under different cultural background.T11.T12. F13.Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive. T14.Since there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds，language is absolutelyarbitrary. F15.V owels may be distinguished as front，central and back according to the manner of articulation.F16.Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teachingand learning. F17. F18.All the affixes belong to bound morphemes. T19.A polysemic word is the result of the evolution of the primary meaning of the word. T20.According to the innatist view of language acquisition，only when the language is modifiedand adjusted to the level of children’ F21.T22.According to Austin，the performative utterance is used to perform an action，it also has truthvalue. F23.Children can learn their native language well whenever they start and whatever kinds oflanguage samples they receive. F24.Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that language hastwo levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings. T25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situationswhile linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. FⅤ.Give a short answer to each of the following questions.1.Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of word meaning. What arethey and how are they related to each other? P662.According to Halliday，what is register? What are the social variables that determine theregister? P117-1183.P8-94.Give a brief illustration to the “semantic triangle” suggested by Ogden and Ri chards.P63-64 Ⅵ. Essay question.1.According to Austin，what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making anutterance? Give an example to illustrate this? P80-822.What are the four maxims of the CP? Illustrate with examples how flouting these maxims givesrise to conversational implicature? P85-883.Please observe the following sentences; all of them are not well formed. What rules does eachof the following sentences violate? And what are the two aspects in terms of sentence meaning?Please illustrate briefly.1) He ated the cake yesterday.2) We will gone to Beijing tomorrow.3) The table intended to marry the chair.4) My favorite fruit is red pears.Please take a look at the section 5.5.2 (page 73) to the first paragraph on page 74.1. The meaning of sentence And it includes both grammatical meaning and semantic meaning.2. The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality，which is governed bythe grammatical rules of the language. Any violation can result in mistakes，making a sentence unacceptable. Such as sentence 1) has a wrong word “ated” and 2) has “will gone”;3. But grammatically well-formed sentences can still be unacceptable because whether asentence is semantically meaningful is decided by rules called selectional restrictions，in other words，constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. Some sentences may be grammatically well-formed，yet they may not be semantically meaningful because they contain words which are not supposed to go together. For example，as we can find in sentence3) and 4)，no table would intend to marry the chair unless in a children’s story and there is nored pears usually in the world. Therefore，some selectional restrictions have been violated.。