虚拟语气语法总结-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII虚拟语气在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，如： How beautiful she is! 则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Don't hurry up 则是祈使语气。
我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。
虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。
这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。
它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。
它们具体结构如表８－７。
虚拟语气的构成虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表1 语法辨析Incorrect: If I was a girl， I would marry youCorrect: If I were a girl， I would marry you表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，if条件句中的be动词一律用were，这句话应译为我要是个女孩，我就嫁给你。
实际上不可能是个女孩。
Incorrect: If I were you I will not worryCorrect: If I were you I shouldn't worry现在时的虚拟语气主句要用should 或would 加动词原形，这句话应译为我要是你的话，就没有必要烦恼。
要注意这种语态用在这里实际上是想把要讲出的观点表达得婉转些，有礼貌些。
Incorrect: God forgives you!Correct: God forgive you!这里的主语 God 是第三人称单数，之所以动词不加 s 是因为要表达一种祝愿，即人力所不能及的事情，实际上是 forgive前有一助动词should， May 等，但在口语中将其省略了。
如： May you be happy 祝你幸福。
Incorrect: If the weather was nice yesterday,we would have gone to the zooCorrect: If the weather had been nice yesterday， we would have gone to the zoo因句中有 yesterday 一词即表示的是与过去相反的事实，即昨天天气很不好，我们也未去动物园，所以 if 条件句应用 had＋过去分词。
Incorrect: If it is was not snowing right now,I will go for a walkCorrect: If it was (were) not snowing right now， I would go for a walk虚拟语态 be 动词作助动词时，则可用was来取代were，如 was to。
虚拟语态中的动词如果是表示正在进行之中也要用进行时态。
Incorrect: If you had taken my advice,you would have been better nowCorrect: If you had taken my advice,you would be better now这句话的意思是如果你以前要是能听我的忠告的话，你现在就会好多了。
其条件句是与过去事实相反的虚拟句，而主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟句，这在语法书中叫做混合虚拟条件句。
例如： If I had caught that plane， I would be dead now 即： The plane I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killedIncorrect: He were you， he would go home at onceCorrect: Were he you， he would go home at onceCorrect: If he were you， he would go home at once在虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，但if省略后其句子的结构要采用倒装语序。
Incorrect: Supposing your teacher saw you with me What does she think?Correct: Supposing your teacher saw you with me， what might she think?这句话中没有if条件句，但仍要用作虚拟语态。
这里因为有些分词或介词短语，起到了从句的作用。
这些短语有： without， providing, supposing， butfor(you)…Incorrect: To see the girl， you will like herCorrect: To see the girl， you would like her这里的条件句是用不定式取代了。
Incorrect: I'm sorry I did have come here by carCorrect: I'm sorry I should have come here bycar这里的条件句被省略了，其意为我真应该坐小车来。
同样在句意不会混淆的情况下，主句也有时可以被省略，如：What if we should fail! (我们万一失败了如何)。
If he could do it, why not(如果他能做，他怎么会不干呢)Incorrect: If the earth were (was) to turn from east to west， I willgive you this car as a giftCorrect: If the earth were(was) to turn from east to west I would give you this car as a gift条件句中也常用were to 来表示说话者认为可能性极小或根本不可能的事。
Incorrect: If you'd have told him early， he would have passed the exam Correct: If you had told him early， he would have passed the exam非正式口语中往往听见外国人讲：'d have＋pp (过去分词)但仍没有人认为它是正确的句子，不易为我们效仿。
Incorrect: The little girl looked as if she would have seena ghostCorrect: The little girl looked as if she had seen a ghost要注意的是 as if 从句中如果用虚拟语气，它的用法要与 if条件句的动词结构相同，即与现在事实相反动词用过去式，be 动词用were，而与过去事实相反的动词用had＋pp (过去分词)。
另外更要注意的是，并非所有 as if 从句都要用虚拟语气。
如： Itlooks as if it is going to snow (看天好像要下雪)即是真实条件句。
Incorrect: I should have come here early， but I had beenbusyCorrect: I should have come here early but I wasbusybut 是转折连词，其后的句子是真实句，而不是虚拟句。
Incorrect: To tell the truth， I wish I know her address nowCorrect: To tell the truth, I wish I knew heraddress nowwish的宾语从句中要用虚拟结构，与现在事实相反的条件动词要用过去式，be动词用were，与过去事实相反的条件动词要用had＋过去分词。
如： I wished I had passed that examIncorrect: His homework was written badlyI wish he will do it better tomorrowCorrect: His homework was written badlyI wish he would do it better tomorrowwish要用来表示对现状不满，希望将来有所改进，则要用would加动词原形。
并非wish不能表达真正的祝愿，但是不能接从句，而要用双宾语，或不定式，如：I wish you luck (双宾语)I wish you to be a good studentI wish to see her at onceIncorrect: I wish it will not be another failureCorrect: I hope it will not be another failureCorrect: I wish it would not be another failure要注意 hope 与 wish 的不同用法。
2 例题解析［例1］If he on tourists for his business， he would have to close his shopA dependsB will dependC depended Dhas depended［答案］C．这是与现在事实相反的假设。
应译为：如果他仅靠旅游来做生意的话，他早就要关门了。
［例2］Had she been younger， she more beautifulA had beenB might have beenC might beD would be［答案］B．因其条件句是省去if的与过去事实相反的假设。
［例3］If you that TV play last night， you wouldn't be sleepyA haven't watchedB didn't watchC hadn't watchedD wouldn't have watched［答案］C．因是与过去事实相反的假设。