锡须检测与判定标准
°C 30% to 50% 1000 hours (IC Type: 4000 hours - FFC/FPC: 2000 hours
20°C to 25°C 30 to 50% 1000 hours (IC Type: 4000 hours - FFC/FPC: 2000 hours
危害:如果这些导电的锡须长得太长的话,可能连到其他线
路上,并导致电气短路,斷裂後落在某些移動及光學 器件中引起這些器件的機械損害,如處於相鄰導體之 間可能產生弧光放電,燒壞電氣元件等 由於錫須通常在電鍍之後幾年甚至幾十年才開始生長, 因而會對產品的可靠性造成潛自在的危害比較大
圖1 錫須的各種形狀
凝固狀
Tin whisker Record
Measurem General Method ent Type Measure from top and 2 sides of all leads. Comments 1. Measurement full length of whisker to be measured. 2. Side measurement at 45 degrees. 3. Measure the complete top side of the lead - not just to top of it (including bend points)
Partial SEM image enlargement
SEM image
Tin whisker length: 93.62um
Fail
Tin Whisker
SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope )
在真空中加熱鎢燈絲時, 發生熱電子.在燈絲外圍的陰 極和位于相反的陽極之間施加 高電壓.拉出熱電子,熱電子束 透過電子透鏡,掃描線圈等作 用成為極細的電子束(電子探 針).把這束電子照射于物體( 被檢試樣)的表面,並掃描表 面所定的區域. 根據電子束和試樣之間的相互作用,從試樣表層產生 各種信號
Some Pass and Fail Examples
79.3um
Fail 130.7um
Fail
Some Pass and Fail Examples
Physical view(top)
Partial SEM image enlargement
SEM image
Tin whisker length: 88.63um
小 結
錫須的定義及危害,形成機理 ,預防措施 錫須測試的方法,測試的標准,可以參考 JEDEC JESD22A121<<錫和錫合金表面鍍層錫須 生長的測試方法>> 典型的錫須案例分析 錫須測試的儀器_SEM簡單介紹
Thanks !!!
If no whiskers are greater than 30um, must show image of maximum whisker found
SEM Images
Must show image of top measurement and side measurement example at full scan magnification. Select one pin from the first two samples of each test condition Must show image of top measurement, side measurement, and bottom measurement example at detailed scan (400x). Select one pin from the first two samples Provide all images in the SEM Image sheet. Images must be clear and be of high enough resolution to allow for expansion of images.
Full Scan
Record all whiskers that are 30um or greater Magnification minimum 150x 250x SEM Measurement. Must be able to resolve whisker >30um
Tin whisker Record
See Diagram below Must be 400x
Detailed Scan
Measure from top and 2 sides Record count of all whiskers between 20-30um
Record count and length of all whiskers that are 30um or greater 1. Length recording not necessary if whisker >30um exist 2. If no whiskers >30um are found, must record the maximum whisker length per sample
錫須檢測
錫須分類
種類
恆溫錫須
產生機理
基材金屬(Cu)擴散至Sn 而引起的內應力
測試方法
常溫儲存(AS)︰ 20-25℃, 55±25%RH 1000小時
濕熱錫須
Sn氧化而產生的內應力
濕熱試驗(THT)︰ 60℃,90±5%RH,1000小時
熱衝擊錫須
基材金屬(Cu)/過渡層 溫度衝擊試驗(TCT) ︰ 金屬和Sn鍍層之間熱膨脹 -40℃/-55℃ ~85℃,1000循環 系數不同引起的內應力
Whisker Length criteria
Minimum Conductor Spacing >140um Minimum Conductor Spacing <140um All whiskers >50um 50um maximum 20um maximum
30% of whiskers >30um.
錫表面電鍍高溫高濕之後
錫表面電鍍之後
小丘
圖2 Non-whisker
錫須形成機理
錫須產生的原因
錫與銅之間相互擴散,形成金屬間化合物(IMC),致使 錫層內應力迅速增長,導致錫原子沿著晶體邊界進行擴散, 產生錫須 電鍍之後鍍層的殘余應力,導致錫須的生長
機械應力:沖壓,冷卻,加工造成基底初使應力,外在的機械負 載(固定件的扭轉)和震動沖擊產生應力 化學應力:電鍍化學物質(如有機添加劑,光亮劑)可能增加鍍層 殘余應力 熱應力 : 鍍層與基體之間熱膨脹系數不匹配
生长机理
Cu6Sn5擠壓純錫晶格疆 界,純錫的晶界出現錫 須 FIB cross-sections of whiskers
錫須預防措施
預防措施
不要使用亮錫,最好使用霧錫 霧錫與亮錫的比較:
a.有機物或碳含量較亮錫少的多(亮錫約為霧錫的X20-100) b. 微晶顆粒較大1-5um(亮錫0.5-0.8um),大晶粒(>2um)鍍層有利 於降低晶須的生長.因為大晶粒較小晶粒間隙少,為Cu擴散提 供較少的邊界,大晶粒具有零值壓應力或較低壓應力 使用較厚的霧錫鍍層(8-10um),以抑制應力的釋放 電鍍後24小時內退火(150℃/2hrs或170℃/1hrs ),以減少錫層的應力 電鍍後24小時內回流焊接,作用同退火 用Ni或Ag做阻擋層(1.3-2um),防止Cu擴散形成Cu6Sn5的IMC
Whiskers less than 20um do not have to be recorded If no whiskers of >30um are found, must record the maximum whisker length per sample
Tin whisker Record
Fail
Some Pass and Fail Examples
Physical view(top) Partial SEM image enlargement
SEM image
Tin whisker length: 131.42um
Fail
Some Pass and Fail Examples
Physical view(top)
三種老化測試
分類 D TCT 測試標準 S -55°C to + 85°C -35°C to + 125°C 1000 cycles Ramp rate 20C/min, 1000 cycles Ramp rate 10 min 20C/min, 10 min 60°C/95% 1000 hours (IC Type: 4000 hours - FFC/FPC: 2000 hours) 85°C/85% 1000 hours (IC Type: 4000 hours - FFC/FPC: 2000 hours)
LF_ Tin Whisker
目 錄
錫須的定義及危害 錫須的形成機理 錫須的預防措施 錫須測試的方法 錫須測試的標准 案例分析 錫須測試的儀器_SEM簡單介紹
錫須定義及危害
定義:锡须是从元器件和接头的锡镀层表面生长出来的一種
細長形狀的錫單晶,直徑0.3-10um(典型1-3um),長度 在1-1000um不等,錫須有不同的形狀,如針狀,小丘狀 ,柱狀,花狀,發散狀等,見圖1
Measurem ent Type General Method Comments
Minimum Sample Size 10 pins
1. If pin during full scan has whisker >30um, use that pin for Detailed scan. 2. If no pin >30um is found during full scan, randomly select pins from each side of component. 3. If less than 10 pins are found during full scan with >30um, randomly select other pins (max 10) for detailed scan