殖民主义时期的文学a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记典型的清教徒： John Cotton & Roger William英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor.Hard work, thrift, piety and sobrietyThe work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor,reason and revolutionBenjamin Franklin Poor Richard's Almanac /The Way to Wealth/The Autobiography2、Thomas Paine 托马斯·佩因 "Great Common of Mankind" 最平凡的人"Common Sense/American Crisis/ Rights of Man/Downfall of Despotism/ The Age of Reason 3、Thomas JeffersonDeclaration of Independence4、Philip Freneau"Father of American Poetry"/The Rising Glory of America/The British Prison Ship/To the Memory of the Brave Americans/最佳/The Wild Honeysuckle/The Indian Burying Ground/ RomanticismsTranscendentalism Emerson/ThoreauWashington IrvingSketch Book, the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.( The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家)Legends of the Conquest of Spain/ A History of New York 诙谐文学杰作Bracebridge Hall/Talks of Travellers/ The Alhambra/James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯.芬尼莫.库珀the sea adventure tale and the frontier saga/Leatherstocking Tales”包括“The Deerslayer”“The Last of the Mohicans/The Pathfinder/The Pioneers/The Prairie/ regard as “the nearest The Spy/ The Pilot/The Littlepage Manuscripts/3、William Cullen Bryant/②He was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet/To a Waterfowl the most perfect brief poem in the language./4、Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加.阿伦.坡The Fall of the House of Usher/The Raven/Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque/first collection of short stories5、Ralph Waldo Emersion 拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生Transcendentalism to New England//Nature/Essays/The American Scholar our intellectual Declaration of Independence Representative Men /English Traits/Poems6、Henry David ThoreauWalden成名作/Civil Disobedience7、Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳萨尼尔.霍桑The House of the Seven Gables/Mosses from an Old Manse/The Marble Faun/The Scarlet Letter”《红字》女主角honest, calmly face fault8、Herman Melville 赫尔曼.麦尔维尔“Moby Dick”9、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利.沃兹沃思.朗费罗 poet 诗人The Poets and Poetry of Europe殊荣Poet’s corner of Westminster AbbeRealism代表作家：Stephen Crane 史蒂芬.克莱恩, Frank Norris 弗朗克.诺里斯,Jack London 杰克.伦敦, Theodore Dreiser 西奥多.德莱塞.6、Darwinism: 达尔文主义:an evident influence on naturalism, stress the animality of man, to suggest that be was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution. 对自然主义影响极大，强调人的动物性，意味着人的命运受进化的不可抗力来决定的。

7、William Dean Howells 威廉.迪安.豪厄斯，His defined realism: nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.1、Walt Whitman/free verse/Leaves of Grass the first genuine epic poem.2、Emily Dickinson 爱米丽.狄金森“I died for Beauty”“Because I could not stop for Death3、Harriet Beecher Stowe/Uncle Tom’s Cabin关注农奴制度4、Mark Twain 代表作Adventures of Huckleberry FinnThe Gilded Age/The Adventures of Tom Sawyer/Life on the Mississippi”5、O. Henry/short story/ the end is always surprising/ contain a great deal of slang and colloquial expressions/ The Four Million/The Gift of the Magi★6、Henry James 亨利.詹姆斯The American/Daisy Miller/in the Portrait of a Lady (早期最好的作品)The Wings of the Dove/The Ambassadors/The Golden Bowl/7、Jack London 杰克.伦敦/The People of the Abyss/The Call of the Wild/The Sea Wolf//Martin Eden (autobiographical novel)8、Theodore Dreiser 西奥多.德莱塞/Sister Carrie”/ The Financier. The Titan, The Stoic”Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲/An American Tragedy”最恢宏、最成功的小说，表达了金钱万能的主题。

the 20th century）一、Background:① World War I 第一次世界大战，America have great profit.② Jump in technology (automobile / radio) 科技方面的跳跃（汽车/收音机）③ old moral code breaks 旧道德体系破碎1、Imagism 意象派：is a poetic movement of England and the United States, flourished from1909-1917. Its credo, expressed in Some Imagist Poets, included the use of the language of common speech, project matter, the evocation of images in hard, clear poetry, and concentration.2、Lost Generation：迷惘的一代，Writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledgedthat they were a “Lost Generation,” dev oid of faith and alienated from a civilization.It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of “expatriates” or exiles.It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in semipoverty. It describes the Americanswho returned to their native land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world.3、Modernism现代主义：is loosely a synonym of anything contemporary. Strictly, especially in literary criticism, which began in the late 19th century and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. They pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one.4、现代主义的标志：T. S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land”, the most significant American poem of the twentieth century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.5、典型的迷惘一代：F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Great Gatsby” 《了不起的盖茨比》 novelErnest Hemingway “The Sun Also Rises”《太阳照样升起》“A Farwell to Arms”《告别了，武器》William Faulkner “The Sound and the Fury” 《喧嚣与骚动》6、Playwrights戏剧、剧作家：Eugene O’Neill “The Emperor Jones”《琼斯国王》、“Anna Christie”《安娜.克里斯蒂》、“The Hairy Ape”《毛猿》7、The Jazz Age(享乐时代)：when New Orleans musicians moved “up the river” to Chicago, and the theatre of New York’s Harlem pulsed with the music that had become a symbol of the times. Fitzgerald portrays the Jazz Age as a generation of “the beautiful and damned”, drowning in their pleasures.二、代表作家：1、Ezra Pound 埃兹拉.庞德诗人①Imagism 意象派的代表人物。