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ArcGIS中的空间插值和面积计算

说明:本文阐述了空间插值和污染面积估算的方法,供群内交流学习用,若要用于商业用途或转载,请与原作者联系。

本文若有不正确之处,敬请指出!一、空间插值插值方法种类很多,每种插值方法里参数也很多,至于哪种最好,没有定论,只能根据需求以及制图的效果来选定。

建议:插值效果图与网格图进行对比,哪种效果最接近网格图(能体现局部)而且又能反映整体趋势就取哪种。

1.1、1.2、以“反距离权重法,1次方”为例:请问:此处有可选smooth ,可以做进行平滑处理吗?可以,但精度会受到影响,看平滑后的效果来决定是否进行平滑处理。

建议不做3、扩展研究区域4、至此可以制作分层设色图filled contours/等值线图contours为减少误差,还可以对分级进行设置请问:此处分级该如何设置?有无相应依据?含量图主要根据百分含量,如果作图效果不好,适当调整评价图根据污染等级5、这是采用“反距离权重法,1次方”来插值的。

可选用“局部多项式”或“普通克里格插值”方法来试试,看哪种和网格分级图更接近些。

但无论哪种方法聚类误差可能都较大,一部分高值可能被掩盖。

二、下面转成栅格图层再进行分层设色图制作,这样精度较高,且图层可用来进行面积估算2.1、导出成栅格图层2.2、设置格网大小,一般在50到100左右(本次都设为100)(2.3和2.4均非必要步骤,只是为了另外的处理或制图的美观性。

如果是为了制图的美观性有可能这两个步骤会弄巧成拙,是否须要请根据具体需要和效果来定)2.3、并可对栅格图层重分类,生成新的栅格图层如(ah_cd)请问:此处重分类又该如何设置?有无相应依据?同上注:此处生成的文件名请以p开头的各元素名,如p_AS,后面面积估算时会用上一定要放在E:\SOIL\BACKUP目录下2.4 转成矢量图层2.4 做平滑处理(可选)2.5 至此可进行分层设色,再成图2.6 再掩膜(或切割),最后成图掩膜可以提高作图效率切割三、面积计算准备两部分数据:遥感解译的土地利用数据经过大类合并后转成的grid 数据,文件名useland;以及插值生成的各元素污染程度的格网数据,文件名以p开头,如p_AS。

两部分数据坐标系必须是等积投影而且必须一致上面两个文件都放在E:\SOIL\BACKUP目录下,另外,把tjgdldwrmj.aml和SmrzPollueteArea.exe两个文件也考到此目录下然后程序—附件—命令提示符,在DOS窗口运行>ARC再输入ARC:&W O:\SOIL\BACKUP再输入ARC:&run tjgdldwrmj.aml再运行SmrzPollueteArea.exe(需要.NET2.0支持,如无,请安装)最后得到污染面积汇总表将用地类型数据先转成GeoDatabase格式,然后采用下面命令整合成六大类,并进行投影转换update ahld set tmpcl=left(LD2006_ID,1)——————————————(由于开始是直接在DOS下运行,不能拷贝,我自己根据做的在你的文档上修改的,可能大小写等有点不一样,只是表达了意思,这些也不需给作图人员,请你看看我的做法可对)3.1 Cover坐标转换(如果转换不了,先不做跳过这个步骤,导出成栅格图层后在toolbox下进行转换)Arc: project cover ld2006 ld2006_new*************************************************** The INPUT projection has been defined. ***************************************************Use OUTPUT to define the output projection and ENDto finish.Project: outputProject: PROJECTION ALBERSProject: Spheroid KrasovskyProject: UNITS METERSProject: PARAMETERS1st standard parallel [ 0 0 0.000 ]: 30.5 0 0 2nd standard parallel [ 0 0 0.000 ]: 33.5 0 0 central meridian [ 0 0 0.000 ]: 117 0 0 latitude of projection's origin [ 0 0 0.000 ]: 0 0 0false easting (meters) [ 0.00000 ]: 500000 false northing (meters) [ 0.00000 ]: 0 Project: endArc: build ld2006_new poly3.1在workstation下增加一个字段tmpcl,用来存储六大类信息Arc: w d\soilArc: ae//Arcedit: &wo e:\ahArcedit: edit ld2006_newThe edit coverage is now E:\AH\HLD2006_newArcedit: ef poly75061 element(s) for edit feature POLYArcedit: additem tmpcl 8 8 iAdding TMPCL to PAT...Arcedit: itemsCOLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME INDEXED?1 AREA 8 18 F 5 -9 PERIMETER 8 18 F 5 -17 LD2006_new# 4 5 B - -21 LD2006_NEW-ID 4 5 B - -25 TMPCL 8 8 I - - Arcedit: saveSaving changes for E:\AH\LD2006_newSaving polygons...For PAL of E:\AH\LD2006_new:75061 polygon records(s) written.from the original 75061, 75061 added and 75061 deleted.Saving arcs...141234 arc(s) written to E:\AH\LD2006_newfrom the original 141234, 0 added and 0 deletedReopening arcs...Saving labels...75061 polygon attribute record(s) written to E:\AH\LD2006_new75060 label(s) written to E:\AH\LD2006_newfrom the original 75060, 0 added and 0 deletedReopening labels...Reopening polygons...BND replaced into E:\AH\LD2006_newSaving set tolerances to TOL file...Re-establishing edit feature POLYGON3.2整合成六大类Arc: aeArcedit: edit ld2006_newThe edit coverage is now E:\AH\HLD2006Arcedit: ef poly75061 element(s) for edit feature POLYArcedit: sel ld2006_new-id > 1007870 element(s) now selectedArcedit: cal tmpcl = 1Arcedit: sel ld2006_new-id > 20 and ld2006_new-id < 304965 element(s) now selectedArcedit: cal tmpcl = 2….Arcedit: saveSaving changes for E:\AH\LD2006_newSaving polygons...For PAL of E:\AH\LD2006_new:75061 polygon records(s) written.from the original 75061, 4965 added and 4965 deleted. Saving arcs...141234 arc(s) written to E:\AH\LD2006_newfrom the original 141234, 0 added and 0 deletedReopening arcs...Saving labels...75061 polygon attribute record(s) written to E:\AH\LD2006_new 74885 label(s) written to E:\AH\LD2006_newfrom the original 75060, 0 added and 0 deletedReopening labels...Reopening polygons...BND replaced into E:\AH\LD2006_newSaving set tolerances to TOL file...Re-establishing edit feature POLYGONArcedit: qLeaving ARCEDIT...3.3进行聚类操作Arc: dissolve ld2006_new ld2006new_d tmpclDissolving ld2006_new by tmpcl to create ld2006new_dCreating ld2006new_d.PAT format...Creating dissolve table...Dissolving...Number of Polygons (Input,Output) = 75061 56141 Number of Arcs (Input,Output) = 141234 65965 Creating ld2006new_d.PAT...3.4建立拓扑关系Arc: build ld2006new_dBuilding polygons...3.6 在grid下转成栅格图层Arc: gridGrid: useland = polygrid(ld2006new_d,tmpcl,#,#,100) Converting polygons from ld2006new_d to grid useland Number of Rows = 5824Number of Columns = 4506Grid:quitArc: quit。

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