1. Canadian Geotechnical JournalThis Journal Published since 1963, so it has a long history of more than 50 years.This monthly journal features articles, notes, and discussions related to new developments in geotechnical and geoenviorenmental engineering, and applied sciences. The topics of papers written by researchers, theoreticians, and engineers/scientists active in industry include soil and rock mechanics, material properties and fundamental behavior, site characterization, foundations, excavations, tunnels, dams and embankments, slopes, landslides, geological and rock engineering, ground improvement, hydrogeology and contaminant hydrogeology, geochemistry, waste management, geosynthetics, offshore engineering, ice, frozen ground and northern engineering, risk and reliability applications, and physical and numerical modeling. Papers on actual case records from practice are encouraged and frequently featured. The impect factor of this journal is more than 0.5.2. Geotechnical Engineering, Proceedings of ICEGeotechnical Engineering covers all aspects of geotechnical engineering including tunnelling, foundations, retaining walls, embankments, diaphragm walls, piling, subsidence, soil mechanics and geoenvironmental engineering. Presented in the form. of reports, design discussions, methodologies and case records it forms an invaluable reference work, highlighting projects which are interesting and innovative. Geotechnical Engineering publishes only six issues per year.Although it's impact factor is only 0.28,it is one of the most popular journals in our filed.3. Géotechnique, Proceedings of ICEEstablished for almost 60 years, Géotechnique is ICE's world-leading geotechnics journal, publishing the cream of the international community's output on all aspects of geotechnical engineering.Subject coverage: Géotechnique provides access to rigorously refereed, current, innovative and authoritative research and practical papers, across the fields of soil and rock mechanics, engineering geology and environmental geotechnics.Géotechnique is published ten times per year: February–June, August–December.Indexed by SCI, Current Contents, Compendex, Geo Abstracts, Elsevier Science Direct, Citeseer and others. Each only published a few articles, and the impact factor is more than 1.2,so I think this Journal is the most popular one in our field.《岩石力学与工程学报》Journal of rock mechanics and engineering《Journal of rock mechanics and engineering》stands for the highest level in our filed in china, especially on the aspect of rock materials. The impect factor more than 1.448 after the year of 2008. Indexed by EI.《岩土力学》Rock and soil mechanics《Rock and Soil mechanics》Indexed by EI. including soil and rock mechanics, material properties and fundamental behavior, site characterization, foundations, excavations, tunnels, dams and embankments, slopes, landslides, geological and rock engineering. it stands for a high level in our filed in china.《岩土工程学报》Journal of geotechnical engineering《Journal of geotechnical engineering》Indexed by EI. especially on the aspect of soil materials .Including soil mechanics, material properties and fundamental behavior, site characterization, foundations, excavations, tunnels, dams and embankments, slopes. The impect factor more than 1.04 after the year of 2005.摘要有限元强度折减法自提出以来得到了快速的发展，目前已广泛应用于边坡工程。
实践证明该理论有着很强的实用性。
近年来，郑颖人、胡文清等人开始将该理论应用于隧道工程，并提出了隧道安全系数的概念。
利用安全系数对隧道的稳定性量化。
传统的有限元算法无法算出隧道的安全系数和围岩破坏面，仅凭应力、位移、拉应力区和塑性区无法准确判断隧道的破坏面；经典极限分析法适用工程设计但适应性差。
然而有限元强度折减法通过对岩土体强度参数的折减使岩土体处于极限状态，从而使其处于潜在的破坏面，既能求出安全系数又能广泛用于工程实践。
本文根据有限元强度折减法原理，利用数值分析软件对隧道的破坏模式、浅埋隧道松散压力、偏压隧道破坏模式进行了简单探讨。
探讨浅埋隧道破坏模式时，将数值分析和模型试验相结合，分析了四种不同工况下隧道的破坏模式，结果表明数值分析和模型试验所得结果比较接近，利用数值分析软件分析隧道破坏模式和安全系数可行。
本文提出了两种浅埋土体松散压力计算方法，一种是根据有限元极限分析理论，在隧道拱部临空面施加与重力反向的节点力，并通过调节力的大小使模型处于极限平衡状态。
该方法有严格的力学依据，也不需假定破裂面，计算时要考虑外界不利条件影响，对土体强度参数进行折减，计算结果与实际情况更加接近，为求解浅埋土体隧道松散压力提供了一种新的方法。
另一种是将岩柱理论进行修改，计算时同样考虑外界不利条件影响，将上覆土体强度参数降低，隧道顶部的松散压力由拱顶以上部分土体产生。
本文利用数值极限分析法简单探讨了偏压隧道破坏模式，得出偏压隧道首先在埋深较浅侧的拱脚出现破裂面，破裂面向地表方向发展，在坡度较小时出现局部破坏，隧道开挖对边坡的稳定性影响显著，在相同埋深下坡度越大安全系数越小，稳定性也越弱；关键词：浅埋隧道；破坏模式；强度折减；安全系数；松散压力；偏压隧道；数值分析软件；ABSTRACTFinite element strength reduction method has got rapid development, it has been widely used in slope engineering. The practice proves that the theory has a strong applicability. In recent years, Zheng Yingren, Hu Wenqing and others have begun to introduce the theory to apply in tunnel engineering, and put forward the conception of safety factor of tunnel, which can quantify the stability of the tunnel. The traditional finite element method can not be used to calculate the safety factor and failure of surrounding rocks of tunnel, only by the stress, displacement, stress and plastic zones are unable to accurately judge the tunnel failure surface; the classical limit analysis method can be applied to engineering design but poor adaptability. However the strength reduction finite element method based on the reduction of rock and soil mass strength parameters, which leads rock and soil mass to a limit state, so that it comes out potential failure surface. This method not only can calculate the safety factor but also widely used in engineering practice.Based on the strength reduction finite element principle, and by numerical analysis software, the failure model of tunnel, shallow buried tunnel loosening pressure, and bias tunnel failure modes were discussed in this paper. This atrtical combines numerical analysis and model test to discuss shallow buried tunnel damage model, and analysed four kinds of different conditions, the results show that numerical analysis and model test results are quite close, using numerical analysis software to analyze the failure model and safety coefficient of tunnel is feasible. This paper presents two kinds of shallow soil loosening pressure calculation method, one is based on FEM limit analysis theory, adding reverse node force on the tunnel arch bottom, and by regulating the force so that the model is in the state of limit equilibrium. The method has strict mechanical basis, and without assuming the failure surface. Considering external adverse conditions, soil strength parameter should be reduced, the calculation results are more close to the actual situation, it provides a new method to solve the problem of shallow soil tunnel loosening pressure. Another one is the modified rock column theory, which considers external adverse conditions as well, and the overlying soil strength parameters should be reduced, the tunnel top loose pressure is produced by vault above soil.This paper uses numerical limit analysis method to simply discusses bias tunnelfailure model, rupture surface appears at the arch of shallow side of the bias tunnel, rupture surface developed in the direction to ground surface. local destruction appears at small grade．Tunnel excavation makes great influence on slope stability，at the same depth，the slope grade is more greater，the stability coefficient is more smaller and more weaker．KEYWORDS：shallow tunnel model; strength reduction; factor of safety Loose pressure; bias tunnel; numerical analysis software。