初中英语阅读理解与写作专练第一部分：方法指导(1)依据主题句定短文的中心如：My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasn’t wonderful, but we had everything we needed (beds, blankets, food ), and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air.On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends, Kevin and Simon, while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didn’t know. We had come from dif ferent places and none of us knew the area.We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves (岩洞) first. Climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal of pushing, we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud, we were pleased and excited by what we’d done.This passage mainly talks about ______________.A. the writer’s friends at the Activity CenterB. the writer’s experience at the Activity CenterC. outdoor sports at the Activity CenterD. how to go rock-climbing and caving上述这段短文的中心是说明“the writer’s experience at the Activity Center.”。
作者以及作者的朋友，还有组上的其他一些成员一起在活动中心度周末的一些活动以及感受。
(2) 掌握具体事实和重要细节如：If someone asks me: “Do you like music?”I’m sure I will answer him or her: “Of course, I do.”because I think music is an important part of our lives.Different people have different ideas about music. For me, I like rock music because it’s so exciting. And my favorite rock band, the “Foxy Ladies”(酷妹) is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. I also like pop music. My classmate LiLan loves dance music, because she enjoys dancing. My best friend, Jane, likes jazz music (爵士乐). She thinks jazz is really cool.“I like dance music and rock very much.” says my brother, “because they are amazing.”But my mother thinks rock is boring. “I like some relaxing (轻松的) music,”she says. That’s why she likes country music, I think.①The writer likes music because he thinks ____________.A. it’s an exciting part of our livesB. it’s an amazing part of our livesC. it’s an important part of our lives②What kind of music does the writer like?A. Rock and pop music.B. Rock and dance music.C. Jazz and country music.③Who likes dancing?A. The writer.B. Li Lan.C. Jane.④The writer’s mother thinks that country music is __________.A. amazingB. boringC. relaxing⑤How many people’s ideas about music are talked about in this passage (短文)?A. 4.B. 5.C. 6.这是几道重要事实和细节的辨认题，全是围绕短文的主题句“Different people have different ideas about music”来展开说明的，起补充举例作用。
(3) 运用构词法、语境线索等帮助来推测关键词义：如：Water is all around us. Water is in the ocean. Water is in the lakes and rivers. Water is in the air. There is more water than land on the earth. All living things must have it. We must have it, too. We cannot live without drinking water. Sometimes, we do not have all the water that we need. The land will dry up without water. Sometimes, there can be too much water in the land. If it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hill. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills. It is called erosion when the water takes the land away.“Erosion” in the passage means ____________.A. 地震B. 雪崩C. 侵蚀D. 霜冻2. 训练阅读速度，根据构词法判断词义如：A. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中的looks after sheep 就解释了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。
B. Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends.句首的like（像）这个语境线索说明：句中的gregarious与likes to make friends意义相近。
3. 改进阅读方式（1）预测：（2）略读：3）查读：One day Mrs Wison went shopping with Tracy and Ben. They went to the supermarket in the new shopping center.“Why do you buy things here?” Tracy wanted to know. “Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home,”Mrs. Wilson said. “Help me check the prices, please.”The Wilsons were not rich and Mrs. Wilson was always careful with her money. She looked carefully at the prices of things. She bought lots of things in the supermarket. When they got home, the children said, “We don’t think you saved money by going to the supermarket.” “Of course I did,” Mrs. Wilson said “Everyth ing was cheaper there.”“We know,” the children said, “but we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry. The taxi fare was more than the money that you saved !”Mrs Wilson added everything up. Her children were right.“Well done,” she said. “Next time we’ll do the shopping nearby.”①The things at the corner store were ____ than those in the supermarket.A. cheaperB. nicerC. more expensiveD. Better②Mrs. Wilson _________ in the end.A. spent more moneyB. paid less moneyC. lost some moneyD. saved a little money这两个问题都是细节性问题，但又不能直接从文章中得出答案，要经过分析和计算间接地获得事实细节。