考试题目：下图所示为一个有3根杆组成的桁架，承受纵向和横向载荷，试对该结构进行优化设计，使得桁架重量最少。

系学数K=班号（为5,6,7,8之一）×100+学号最后两位数，如7班同学，号最后两位为20号，那么K=720已知桁架的材料特性为：弹性模量E=0.5K×103MPa；泊松比：0.5K×10-3；密度ρ= K×10 kg/m3许用应力：σ=0.5K×10-2MPa几何属性如下所示：横截面面积变化范围：0.6×10-3～0.645m2）基本尺寸B变化范围：10～0.5K×10-1m集中载荷为：Fx= 2K×103N, Fy= -2K×103N要求：写出操作步骤和命令流，定义工作文件名和工作标题为你的姓名拼音+学号。

GUI操作方式（1）定义工作文件名及工作标题1）定义工作文件名2）定义工作标题（2）定义参数和材料属性定义参数的初始值2)设置材料属性(3)定义单元类型及属性1）定义单元类型定义实常数A2 A3同A1做法(4)建立有限元模型1）生成有限元节点（节点1 2 3 4做法雷同）2）关闭坐标符号的显示3）打开节点编号显示4）生成第一个单元5）改变第二个单元的属性6）生成第二个单元7）改变第三个单元的属性8）生成第三个单元（5）施加约束和载荷1）施加边界约束2)施加集中载荷3）保存数据4）求解运算结果如下：S O L U T I O N O P T I O N SPROBLEM DIMENSIONALITY. . . . . . . . . . . . .2-D DEGREES OF FREEDOM. . . . . . UX UYANALYSIS TYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .STATIC (STEADY-STATE) GLOBALLY ASSEMBLED MATRIX . . . . . . . . . . .SYMMETRICL O A D S T E P O P T I O N SLOAD STEP NUMBER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1TIME AT END OF THE LOAD STEP. . . . . . . . . . 1.0000NUMBER OF SUBSTEPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1STEP CHANGE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . NOPRINT OUTPUT CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . .NO PRINTOUTDATABASE OUTPUT CONTROLS. . . . . . . . . . . .ALL DATA WRITTENFOR THE LAST SUBSTEP 5）保存优化结果到文件（6）进入后处理，得到状态变量和目标函数的值1）定义单元表2)计算单元体积的总和结果如下：SUM ALL THE ACTIVE ENTRIES IN THE ELEMENT TABLETABLE LABEL TOTALVOLU 65.43743)取出体积的值4)计算初始重量5)设置单元表6)得到第一杆的轴向应力7）得到第二杆的轴向应力8）得到第三杆的轴向应力9）计算轴向力的绝对值（7）显示当前设计并生成分析文件1）显示杆的当前设计2）改变视图方向3)生成优化分析文件（8）进入处理器并分析文件1）指定分析文件2）指定设计变量（A1 A2 A3 B做法雷同）3）设置状态变量3）保存优化数据库4）设置目标函数5）指定一阶优化方法6）保存数据7）运行优化8）保存优化结果到文件（9）查看优化结果1）查看最佳设计序列如下：LIST OPTIMIZATION SETS FROM SET 10 TO SET 10 AND SHOW ONLY OPTIMIZATION PARAMETERSSET 10(FEASIBLE)SIG1 (SV) 0.26212E+07SIG2 (SV) 65340.SIG3 (SV) 0.25491E+07A1 (DV) 0.57422A2 (DV) 0.60000E-03A3 (DV) 0.30810E-01B (DV) 23.873WT (OBJ) 114.462）列出所有序列的结果如下：LIST OPTIMIZATION SETS FROM SET 1 TO SET 10 AND SHOWONLY OPTIMIZATION PARAMETERS. (A "*" SYMBOL IS USED TOINDICATE THE BEST LISTED SET)SET 1 SET 2 SET 3 SET 4(FEASIBLE) (FEASIBLE) (FEASIBLE) (FEASIBLE) SIG1 (SV) 0.16434E+07 0.24929E+07 0.25179E+07 0.24641E+07 SIG2 (SV) 0.96269E+06 0.12070E+07 0.20381E+06 50744. SIG3 (SV) 0.68072E+06 0.11304E+07 0.22835E+07 0.24060E+07 A1 (DV) 0.64500 0.44325 0.58658 0.61001 A2 (DV) 0.64500 0.50234 0.26012 0.23868 A3 (DV) 0.64500 0.44325 0.65182E-01 0.49212E-01 B (DV) 26.500 23.282 22.787 22.891 WT (OBJ) 346.82 236.29 157.26 155.87SET 5 SET 6 SET 7 SET 8(FEASIBLE) (FEASIBLE) (FEASIBLE) (FEASIBLE) SIG1 (SV) 0.24181E+07 0.25032E+07 0.24888E+07 0.25939E+07 SIG2 (SV) 0.15564E+06 0.10283E+07 0.11761E+07 0.11863E+06 SIG3 (SV) 0.22407E+07 0.13731E+07 0.12008E+07 0.24629E+07 A1 (DV) 0.61469 0.59326 0.60418 0.58028 A2 (DV) 0.23115 0.28213E-01 0.60000E-03 0.60000E-03 A3 (DV) 0.58005E-01 0.68621E-01 0.60115E-01 0.32016E-01 B (DV) 23.020 23.995 24.088 23.863 WT (OBJ) 157.61 129.37 126.17 115.81SET 9 *SET 10*(FEASIBLE) (FEASIBLE)SIG1 (SV) 0.26140E+07 0.26212E+07SIG2 (SV) 0.19452E+06 65340.SIG3 (SV) 0.23994E+07 0.25491E+07A1 (DV) 0.57577 0.57422A2 (DV) 0.60000E-03 0.60000E-03A3 (DV) 0.32593E-01 0.30810E-01B (DV) 23.885 23.873WT (OBJ) 115.11 114.463）显示目标函数的变化规律a设置坐标轴标题b显示目标函数的变化规律4)显示基本尺寸B的变化规律a设置坐标轴标题b显示基本尺寸的变化规律5)显示杆面积的变化规律a 设置坐标标题b 显示杆横截面的变化规律6）显示杆中应力的变化规律a设置坐标轴标题b显示杆中应力的变化规律（10）退出ANSYS命令流方式：/BATCH/FILNAME,zhangliwen+2,1 /TITLE,zhangliwen+2*SET,B,26.5*SET,A1,0.645*SET,A2,0.645*SET,A3,0.645/PREP7 MPTEMP,,,,,,,, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,EX,1,,2.65e11 MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.265 MPTEMP,,,,,,,, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,DENS,1,,5.3 ET,1,LINK1R,1,A1, ,R,2,A2, ,R,3,A3, ,N,1,-B,0,0,,,,N,2,0,0,0,,,,N,3,B,0,0,,,,N,4,0,-26.5,0,,,,/PLOPTS,INFO,3/PLOPTS,LEG1,1/PLOPTS,LEG2,1/PLOPTS,LEG3,1/PLOPTS,FRAME,1/PLOPTS,TITLE,1/PLOPTS,MINM,1/PLOPTS,FILE,0/PLOPTS,LOGO,1/PLOPTS,WINS,1/PLOPTS,WP,0/PLOPTS,DATE,2/TRIAD,OFF/REPLOT/PNUM,KP,0/PNUM,LINE,0/PNUM,AREA,0/PNUM,VOLU,0/PNUM,NODE,1/PNUM,TABN,0/NUMBER,0/PNUM,ELEM,0/REPLOTFLST,2,2,1FITEM,2,1FITEM,2,4E,P51XTYPE,1MAT,1REAL,2ESYS,0SECNUM,TSHAP,LINEFLST,2,2,1FITEM,2,2FITEM,2,4E,P51XTYPE,1MAT,1REAL,3ESYS,0SECNUM,TSHAP,LINEFLST,2,2,1FITEM,2,3FITEM,2,4E,P51XFINISH/SOLFLST,2,3,1,ORDE,2FITEM,2,1FITEM,2,-3D,P51X,ALL,FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1FITEM,2,4F,P51X,FX,1.06e6FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1FITEM,2,4F,P51X,FY,-1.06e6SAVE/STATUS,SOLUSOLVESAVE,'zhangliwen_2','db','C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\' FINISH/POST1ETABLE,EVOLUME,VOLU,SSUM*GET,VTOT,SSUM, ,ITEM,EVOLUME*SET,DENS,5.3*SET,WT,DENS*VTOTAVPRIN,0, ,ETABLE,SIGMA,LS,1*GET,sig1,ELEM,1,ETAB,SIGMA*GET,sig2,ELEM,2,ETAB,SIGMA*GET,sig3,ELEM,3,ETAB,SIGMA*SET,sig1,abs(sig1)*SET,sig2,abs(sig2)*SET,sig3,abs(sig3)/SHRINK,0/ESHAPE,2/EFACET,1/RATIO,1,1,1/CFORMAT,32,0/REPLOT/VIEW,1,1,1,1/ANG, 1/REP,FASTEPLOTLGWRITE,'zhangliwen_2','lgw','C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\',COMMENT FINISH/OPTOPANL,'zhangliwen_2','lgw','OPVAR,A1,DV,0.6e-3,0.645, ,OPVAR,A2,DV,0.6e-3,0.645, ,OPVAR,A3,DV,0.6e-3,0.645, ,OPVAR,B,DV,10,26.5, ,OPVAR,SIG1,SV, ,2.65E6, ,OPVAR,SIG2,SV, ,2.65E6, ,OPVAR,SIG3,SV, ,2.65E6, ,OPSAVE,'zhangliwen_var','opt',' 'OPVAR,WT,OBJ, , ,1,SAVEOPTYPE,FIRSOPFRST,15, , ,SAVEOPEXE! OPTIMIZATION LOOPING HAS CLEARED THE INTERNAL LOG KEYW,BETA,0SAVEOPLIST,16, ,0OPLIST,ALL, ,0/VIEW,1,,,1/AXLAB,X,Iteration Number /AXLAB,Y,Structural Weight /GTHK,AXIS,2/GRTYP,0/GROPT,ASCAL,ON/GROPT,LOGX,OFF/GROPT,LOGY,OFF/GROPT,AXDV,1/GROPT,AXNM,ON/GROPT,AXNSC,1,/GROPT,DIG1,4,/GROPT,DIG2,3,/GROPT,XAXO,0,/GROPT,YAXO,0,/GROPT,DIVX,/GROPT,DIVY,/GROPT,REVX,0/GROPT,REVY,0/GROPT,LTYP,0/XRANGE,DEFAULT/YRANGE,DEFAULT,,1 XVAROPT,' 'PLVAROPT,WT/AXLAB,X,Iteration Number /AXLAB,Y,Base Dimension/GTHK,AXIS,2/GRTYP,0/GROPT,ASCAL,ON/GROPT,LOGX,OFF/GROPT,LOGY,OFF/GROPT,AXDV,1/GROPT,AXNM,ON/GROPT,AXNSC,1,/GROPT,DIG1,4,/GROPT,DIG2,3,/GROPT,XAXO,0,/GROPT,YAXO,0,/GROPT,DIVX,/GROPT,DIVY,/GROPT,REVX,0/GROPT,REVY,0/GROPT,LTYP,0/YRANGE,DEFAULT,,1 XVAROPT,' 'PLVAROPT,B/AXLAB,X,Iteration Number/AXLAB,Y,Cross_Sec-tional Area /GTHK,AXIS,2/GRTYP,0/GROPT,ASCAL,ON/GROPT,LOGX,OFF/GROPT,LOGY,OFF/GROPT,AXDV,1/GROPT,AXNM,ON/GROPT,AXNSC,1,/GROPT,DIG1,4,/GROPT,DIG2,3,/GROPT,XAXO,0,/GROPT,YAXO,0,/GROPT,DIVX,/GROPT,DIVY,/GROPT,REVX,0/GROPT,REVY,0/GROPT,LTYP,0/XRANGE,DEFAULT/YRANGE,DEFAULT,,1 XVAROPT,' 'PLVAROPT,A1,A2,A3/AXLAB,X,Iteration Number/AXLAB,Y,Maximum Stress/GTHK,AXIS,2/GRTYP,0/GROPT,ASCAL,ON/GROPT,LOGX,OFF/GROPT,LOGY,OFF/GROPT,AXDV,1/GROPT,AXNM,ON/GROPT,AXNSC,1,/GROPT,DIG1,4,/GROPT,DIG2,3,/GROPT,XAXO,0,/GROPT,YAXO,0,/GROPT,DIVX,/GROPT,DIVY,/GROPT,REVX,0/GROPT,REVY,0/GROPT,LTYP,0/YRANGE,DEFAULT,,1 XVAROPT,' ' PLVAROPT,SIG1,SIG2,SIG3 SAVE/DIST,1,1.,1/REP,FAST/DIST,1,1.,1/REP,FASTSAVEFINISH。