词根词缀例词1 mno- uni- monocotyledon 单子叶植物2 di bi- dicotyledon 双子叶植物bisexual 两性的3 tri- trifoliate 具三小叶的4 ter(a)- quadr(u)- dinitrogen tetroxide 四氧化二氮duadrant 四分体5 pent- quinqu(e)- pentose 戊糖quinquennial 五年生的6 hex- sex- sextuploid 六倍体（的）hexose 已糖7 hept(a)- septem- heptaploid 七倍体（的）septempartite 七深裂的8 oct(a)- octagynous 有八雄蕊的9 enn(a)- enneaploid 九倍体的10 dec(a)- decameter 十米11 hende(a)-12 dodec(a)-半semi- hemi- hemiepihyte 半匍匐植物semipermeability 半透性1/10 deci- decimeter 分米多mult- multigenic 多基因的百hect(o)- hectare 公顷（100公亩）百分之一centi- centimeter 厘米Centigrade ℃千分之一milli- milligram(me) 毫克万myria- myriametre 万米S sulfur-(sulphur-) sulfuric acid 硫酸N(硝基) nitri- nitro- nitrous acid 亚硝酸P phosphor- metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸B boro- bori- boric acid 硼酸C carb(o)- carbon dioxide 二氧化碳F fluori- hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸Cl chlori- perchloric acid 高氯酸Br bromi- hypobromous acid 次溴酸I iodi- iodide 碘化物Fe ferr- potassium ferrate 高铁酸钾Ca calc(i)- decalcify 脱钙氰cyani- cyanic acid 氰酸氧化-oxide nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮氢氧-hydroxide Sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠脱- de- deoxy- 脱氧-dehydr- 脱水；脱氢氨基amid(o)- amino- amino acid 氨基酸甲基meth(o)- methanol 甲醇乙基ethyl- ethylene 乙烯苯基phenyl- phenylalanine 丙氨酸水、氢化- hydr(o)- hydrophyte 水生植物超- hyper- ultra- hypersensibility 过敏性ultrastructure 超微结构最高、顶点acr(o)- acropetal 向顶的空气aer(o)- aer(i)- aerobic 好气的aerial root 气生根花anth flor- anther 花药inflorescence 花序果实carp-(o) parthenocarpy 单性结实茎cauli- caulo- cauliflower 花椰菜叶foli- phyll(o)- phylloxanthin 叶黄素foliage bud 叶芽根rhiz(o)- rhizobia 根瘤菌细胞cyt(o)- cytology 细胞学生态ec(o)- ecology 生态学生命、生物bio- biosynthesis 生物合成颜色chrom(o)- chromosome 染色体皮、外层derm dermatoplasm 胞壁质-酶-ase azotase 固氮酶运动kine- kinetin 激动素脂肪的lip(o)- lipoid 类脂化合物大、长macro(o)- meg(a)- macrostylous 长花柱的megaspore 大孢子小micro- microscope 显微镜个体onto- ontogeny 个体发生卵ov(o)- ov(i) ovary 子房光photo- photosynthesis 光合作用盐sali- salinization 盐渍化毒toxic(o)- toxin 毒素蔓viti- viticulture 葡萄栽培成对、接合zyg(o)- zygote 合子异- allo- allodiploid 异源二倍体heter- heterophyte 异养植物同- homo- homolog 同源染色体雄- andro- androeciua 雄蕊雌- gyn- gynoecia 雌蕊隐- crypto- cryptogam 隐花植物糖glyco- glycolysis 糖酵解上- epi- epicotyl 上胚轴下- hypo- hypodermis 下表皮同- iso- isoenzyme 同功酶核karyo- karyomixis 核融合中- mes- mesocarp 中果皮寡- 少- oligo- oligosaccharide 低聚糖周- peri- peridrem 周皮植物phyto- phytocoenosium 植物群落原- proto- protophloem 原生韧皮部假- pseu- pseudaxis 假轴杀-剂-cide pesticide 杀虫剂园艺学相关科技文献中常出现的词汇一、植物名称（一）果树猕猴桃kiwifruit菠萝pineapple菠萝蜜jack fruit杨梅arbutus槟榔areca樱桃cherry油桃nectarine板粟chestnut橄榄olive椰子coconut李plum蟠桃flat peach金桔cumquat银杏gingko榛子hazelnut山核桃pecan胡桃walnut荔枝litchi枇杷loquat桂圆longan山楂maythorn、hawthorn桃peach梨pear槟榔pinang榅桲quince柿persimmon、Chinese fig枣Chinese jujub椰枣date柑桔citrus杏apricot橙China orange柠檬lemon柚pomelo(pumelo)、shaddock蒲桃柚grapefruit脐橙navel orange油梨avocado无花果fig石榴pomegranate草莓strawberry黑霉blackberry悬钩子raspberry大杨莓loganberry(罗甘莓)露莓dewberry(a type of blackberry)博伊森莓Boysenberry((a type of blackberry)越橘blueberry(cranberry is a type of blueberry)接骨木elderberry醋栗gooseberry腰果acajou、elephant’s tick杨桃carambola芒果mango桑mulberry山定子Siberian crabapple番木瓜papaya阿月浑子pistachio仁果类pome坚果类nut浆果类berry核果类drupe、stone fruits（二）蔬菜荠菜blind weed百合lily豆科植物legume菜豆bean黄荚种菜豆wax bean食荚菜豆snap bean绿豆mung bean赤豆small red bean豇豆string bean、cowpea刀豆sword bean扁豆hyacinth bean、dolichos蚕豆broad bean菜豆lima bean苜蓿alfalfa 、medick芦荟aloe芦笋asparagus葫芦科植物cucurbit苦瓜balsam pear、bitter cucumber佛手瓜chayote美洲南瓜pumpkin中国南瓜squash印度南瓜winter squash、true sqush、giant pumpkin黑籽南瓜malabar gourd丝瓜sponge gourd、towel gourd、luffa冬瓜white(wax)gourd葫芦gourd甜瓜melon香瓜muskmelon罗马香瓜cantaloupe金瓜marrow?蛇瓜serpentmelon甜菜beet茄子eggpant辣椒pepper朝天椒cone pepper、chilli胡椒粉black pepper(来自浆果)、white pepper(来自种子)牛蒡burdock莴苣lettuce结球莴苣head lettuce直立莴苣cos(romaine) lettuce甘蓝cabbage羽衣甘蓝kale(collard)抱子甘蓝Brussels sprout球茎甘蓝kohlrabi芥蓝kailan大白菜Chinese cabbage芹菜celery香椿Chinese mahogany山药yam萝卜radish细香葱chive洋葱onion芋dasheen、taro茴香(sweet)fennel木耳black fungus银耳white fungus茼蒿garland大蒜garlic生姜ginger藕lotus枸杞matrimony地瓜pachyrhizus韭Chinese chive韭葱eek韭黄tender yellowish leek菊苣succory、common chicory薄荷bergamot菊芋Canada potato茭白Indian rice、wild rice竹笋bamboo shoot慈姑arrowhead荸荠water chestnut芫荽Coriander胡萝卜carrot苋菜edible amaranth芡实Gordon euryale辣根horse radish空心菜water spinach、swamp cabbage菱water caltrop花菜cauliflower青花菜broccoli青菜loose-head Chinese cabbage、nonheading Chinese cabbage 芥菜mustard榨菜tuber mustard雪里蕻potherb mustard蘑菇mushroom草菇Chinese mushroom朝鲜蓟artichoke甘薯sweet potato芜菁turnip欧洲防风parsnips婆罗门参salsify芜菁甘蓝rutabaga木薯cassava苣荬菜endive水芹cress、water drop-wort欧芹parsley豆瓣菜water cress乌塌菜wu-ta-tasi大黄rhubarb芦荟aloe金针菜day lily冬寒菜potherb mallow落葵Lakui香辛蔬菜Spicy vegetables（三）花卉翦股颖bentgrass早熟禾blue grass结缕草Korean lawngrass、lawngrass 狗牙根Bermuda grass凤仙花balsam、impatiens三色堇love-in-idleness矢车菊blue cornflower雏菊daisy仙人掌cactus鸾凤玉bishops-hood量天尺common nightblooming-cereus 令箭荷花nopalxochia景天blush stonecrop蟹爪兰crab cactus大丽花dahlia鸢尾iris铁线草black maidenhair美人蕉(indian)canna瓜叶菊cineraria盆景dish garden蕨类植物fern唐菖蒲gladiola蜀葵hollyhock金丝桃John’s-wort龙舌兰maguey万寿菊marigold水仙花narcissus、crocus月季Chinese rose一串红scarlet sage芍药(common)peony牡丹moutan报春花fairy primrose马齿苋purslane晚香玉tuberose郁金香tulip紫罗兰violet、pansies菊花chrysanthemum兰orchid香石竹carnation向日葵sunflower、turnsole茉莉jasmine矮牵牛petunia天竺葵geranium爬山虎boston ivy石竹dianthus百日草zinnias金鱼草snapdragons蜘蛛抱蛋aspidistra蟆叶海棠assamking begonia鹤望兰bird-of-paradise-flower虎尾兰bowstring-hemp小苍兰common freesia仙客米cyclamen含羞草humble plant风信子hydrangea绣球hydrangea花叶万年青tuftroot（四）林木巴西木Brazil wood(wood Brazil)南洋杉araucaria侧柏arbor vitae白杨aspen山毛榉beech樟树camphor tree海桐Japanese pittosporum茉莉Arabian jasmine迎春winter jasmine苏铁cycad榆elm桧juniper铺地柏creeping juniper金桔kumquat小檗barberry十大功劳mahonia连翘weeping forsythia法国梧桐oriental planetree海仙花weigela扶芳藤winter crepping euonymus 蜡梅winter sweet冬青holly枸骨Chinese holly夹竹桃oleander柳树osier棕榈(hemp) palm洒金东瀛珊瑚gold-dust tree杜仲eucommia荚迷snowball麻叶乡球reeves spiraea柽柳tamarisk玉兰magnolia conspicus女贞prim、privet香柏cedar榕树Indian fig茶花camellia海棠Chinese flower apple、crabapple 垂丝海棠hall crabapple梅花Japanese apricot天竺葵geranium长春藤ivy紫藤Chinese wistaria水杉metasequoia松pine南洋杉hoop pine五针Japanese white pine马尾松mason-pine湿地松slash pine白皮松bunge pine杉fir橡树oak橡子acorn紫荆redbud杜鹃rhododendron丁香clove枫maple三角枫buerger maple鸡爪槭Japanese maple五角枫mono mapple南天竹nandina云杉spruce加洲银杉hemlock榆叶梅flowering almond文竹asparagus fern小蜡Chinese privet女贞glossy石楠Chinese photinia圆柏Chinese juniper金丝桃Chinese st. john’s wort枫杨Chinese wingnut黄杨Chinese box榔榆Chinese elm栀子cape jasmine忍冬honeysuckle二、栽培矮化栽培dwarf culture矮化砧dwarf stock栽培种cultigen亚种subspecies绑蔓tying保护地栽培protected cultivation催芽accelerating germination造林、绿化afforest前茬作物preceding crop后茬作物subsequent crop基肥basal manure追肥after manure后熟after ripening无性繁殖agamogenesis、asexual reproduction 有性生殖gamogenesis、sexual reproduction农技站agricultural extension service(agency)机械化agricultural mechanization小气候microclimate塑料薄膜plastic sheeting农产品加工agricultural processing扦插cuttage硬枝扦插hardwood cutting软枝扦插succulent wood移植transplant插条cutting空中压条air layering压条layering冲积的（田）alluvial(field)轮作alternate culture、rotation换茬alternate husbandry施肥量amount of fertilizer降雨量amount of precipitation、rainfall可耕的arable干燥的arid人工授粉artificial pollination土球栽植ball-and-burlap plant行距between-tree(hill、hole) distance株距blanching culture软化栽培blooming盛花期blossom and fruit drop(abscission)落花落果bunch seeding穴播bunchy、ridge条播drill撒播broadcast seeding垄、埂bunchy、ridge叶球head主干（果树）central lead嫁接graft芽接budding接穗scion砧木rootstock劈接cleft grafting切接cut grafting、splice舌接whip and tongue鞍接saddle靠接side嫁接亲和力grafting affinity密植compact planting复种指数cropping index中耕、栽培cultivation短截、回缩cutting back促成栽培early forcing of vegetables 抑制栽培retard culture芽眼eye定植set plant无霜期frost-free period沟furrow发芽率germination percentage 发芽势germinating viability日光温室heliogreenhouse集约栽培intensive culture倒伏lodging年平均温度mean annual temperature 根瘤菌nodule bacteria草木灰plant ash豆荚pod聚乙烯polyethylene(PE)聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride(PVC)采后的postharvest修剪prune、trim环剥ring根蘖root sucker树苗sapling疏果thinning种子纯度purity of seeds种子净度cleanliness of seeds 拌种seeds dressing无籽的seedless实生苗seedling plant副梢side shoot无土栽培soil-less culture特种蔬菜special vegetables基质substrate腐殖质humus分蘖tiller棚架trellis间作inter-cropping混作mixes-cropping间苗discarding plant氨水liquid ammonia变则主干型modified-leader form 团粒结构granular structure磷肥fertiphos匍匐茎runner离核freestone粘核clingstone果酱catsup果脯prune果台bourse果园orchard葡萄干raisin(currant)果仁kernel锄头mattock锹spade手镐pickaxe(短柄双刃)喷雾器nebulizer大小年alternate habit结果的bearing早熟的early ripe晚熟的later ripe中熟的middle ripe绿篱hedge摘心nipping苗床nursely bed根外追肥outroot feeding腐熟的overrotten珍珠岩perlite蛭石vermiculite泥炭peat物候期phonological period肥料fertilizer三、遗传育种伴性遗传sex linked interitance自交不亲合性self incompatibility雄性不育系A-line、male sterility line 保持系B-line驯化acclimation适应性adaptation加性遗传additive inheritance性状character、traits等位基因allele抗性育种breeding for resistance化学诱变chemomorphosis染色体chromosome缺失deficiency重复duplication易位translocation倒位inversion近亲繁殖close breeding杂交cross、hybridization测交test cross退化degeneration显性的dominant隐性的recessive去雄emasculation杂种hybrid近交的inbred不育性infertility sterility基因文库gene library品系line连锁linkage位点locus母本的maternal父本的paternal突变mutation突变体mutant正反交reciprocal cross回交back cross返祖现象atavism常染色体autosome异染色体heterochromosome噬菌体bacteriophage碱基bases密码子codon近交系数coefficient of inbreeding 遗传力heritability干扰系数coefficient of interference 互补作用complementation交换crossingover漂移drift嵌合体mosaics大肠杆菌 E.coli上位性epistasis进化evolution种质germ plasm杂种优势heterosis杂合体heterozygotes纯合体homozygotes纯系pure lines后代progeny重组recombination分离segregation物种species芽变sports转录transcription翻译translation自交系self-bred line配合力combining ability混杂confusion株系strain四、植物学科family磷片interfoyles鳞茎盘bulb pan分蘖bushing out假茎cauloid顶点acme向顶的apical生长的apical point孢母细胞sporocyte孢子spore畸形的abnormal直根tap root衰老senescence瘦果achene、akene果脐areola常绿的adeciduous落叶的deciduous观赏植物adornment plant不定的（芽）adventitious(bud)气根aerating root好气的aerobic厌氧的anaerobic聚生的（果）aggregate(fruit)对生的opposite互生的alternate藻类alga无丝分裂amitosis减数分裂meiosis有丝分裂mitosis小孢子androspore风媒授粉anemogamy虫媒的entomophilous、insect pollination 鸟媒的ornithophily旱生植物xerophyte被子植物angiospermae裸子植物gymnogen皱叶的curly掌状的palmate蜡层waxen film一年生的annual二年生的biennial多年生的perennial花药anther花粉pollen花粉粒pollen grain花粉管pollen tube授粉pollinate开花anthesis草本的herbaceous头状花序anthodium总状花序botryoid、raceme伞房花序corymb聚伞花序cyme圆锥花序panicle水生的aquatic乔木arbor灌木arboret自花授粉autogamy异花授粉allogamy轴生的、主axial(root)腋生的axillary阔叶的broadleaf针叶树conifer鳞茎bulb球茎corm维管束bundle鞘sheath心皮carpel导管catheter复（芽）compound(bud)匍匐- creeping皱叶的curled角质层cuticle胚（囊）embryo(sac)胚乳endosperm果皮pericarp、rind外果皮epicarp、exocarp 中果皮mesocarp内果皮endocarp果肉pulp上胚轴epicotyl出土的epigeal上位的epigynous下位的hypogynous肉质的fleshy配子gamete胚芽、细菌germ保卫细胞guard cell奇数羽状的imparipinnate偶数羽状的pinnate花序inflorescence种间的interspecific属间的intergeneric藤本植物liana髓部的medullary变态的metabolous薄壁组织parenchyma果胶pectin花梗pedicel韧皮部phloem木质部xylem雄蕊stamen雌蕊pistil原生质protoplasm蕨类植物pteridophyte胚根radicle气孔stoma卷须tendril超微结构ultrastructure营养的vegetative合子zygote雌雄异株的dioecious雌雄同株的monoecious雌雄异花diclinism受精fertilization色素pigment离层abscission layer树皮bark皮层cortex子叶cotyledon生态型ecotype常绿的evergreen、aiophyllus、indeciduous 落叶的defoliate、deciduous生长的growing point节间internode侧芽lateral bud瓠果pepo花瓣petal初生的primary次生的secondary三生的tertiary叶脉vein无籽的aspermous识别recognition五、植物生理学半透性semipermeability膜membrane脱落abscission乙酰胆碱acetyl choline腺嘌呤adenine(A)三磷酸腺苷adenosine triphosphate(ATP)抗坏血酸ascorbate主动运输active transport适应性adaptiveness吸附作用adsorption逆境adverse growing conditions 抗逆性adverse resistance淀粉amylum拮抗作用antagonism花青素anthocyanidin同化作用assimilation维生素vitamines激素hormines生长素auxin矮壮素cycocel(CCC)乙烯利ethrel乙烯ethylene固氮作用azotification甜菜碱betaine束缚态的bound形成层cambium胡罗卜素carotene类胡罗卜素caroteinoid叶绿素chlorophyll叶绿体chloroplast线粒体cytochondriome抗性resistance耐性tolerance胁迫stress冷害chilling damage(injury)冻害cold injury、freezing injury 涝害flood临界的critical光周期photoperiod长日植物long-day plant短日植物short-day plant变性denaturation内源的endogenous外源的exogenous酶enzyme光合作用photosynthesis呼吸作用respiration呼吸商respiration quotient葡萄糖glucose甘油glycerol生长调节剂growth regulator新陈代谢metabolism光诱导photoinduction荧光fluorescence脯氨酸proline丙酮酸pyruvic acid蒸腾作用transpiration春化作用vernalization反馈feedback源source库sink主动- active被动- passive有限生长determinate growth 无限生长indeterminate growth 饱和点saturation point补偿点compensation point 克隆clone极性polarity载体carrier渗透作用osmosis六、病虫害病原体pathogen真菌fungus防治control霜霉病downy mildew白粉病mildew斑枯病spot blight叶斑病spot角斑病angular leaf spot圆斑病blotch炭疽病anthracnose灰霉病grey mould疫病blight锈病rust疮痂病scab蚜虫aphid菜粉蝶cabbage butterfly菜青虫cabbageworm黄条跳甲stripe flea-beetle天牛capricorn beetle黄守瓜cucumber beetle瓢虫ladybird蛞蝓slug蜗牛snail蝗虫grasshopper蛆maggot蛴螬grub蝶蛹chrysalis金龟子Japanese beetle蛾moth黄瓜花叶病毒cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)烟草花叶病毒tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)生物农药biological control agent杀细菌剂bactericide链霉素streptomycin杀真菌剂fungicide百菌清chlorthalonil、daconil多菌灵bavistin代森锰锌dithane M-45福美双fernasan 、thiram甲基托布津thiophanate波尔多液Bordeaux mixture福尔马林formalin杀虫剂pesticide、insecticide乙酰甲胺磷acephate甲胺磷methamidophos、tamaron乐果daphene、rogor氧化乐果omethoate敌敌畏dichlorphos 、vapour敌百虫dipterex、dylox杀螟松fenchlorphos、sumithion石硫合剂lime-sulphur mixture马拉硫磷malathon甲拌磷phorate、thimet辛硫磷phoxim除虫菊酯pyrethrin西维因denapon除草剂herbicide、weedicide阿特拉津ametryn、atrazine杀草丹benthiocarb、saturn枯草隆chloroxuron敌草隆diuron、karmex草甘磷glyphosate扑草净prometryne氟乐灵trifluralin成虫期adult stage幼虫larva蛹pupa茧cocoon鳞翅目幼虫caterpillar若虫（蝻）nymph生理小种biological strain感病的susceptible抗病的resistant熏烟fumigation宿主host、parasitifer侵染infection接种inoculation致死浓度lethal concentration螨类mite克螨特propargite线虫nematode病毒virus寄生parasitization污染contamination传染媒介vehicle of infection免疫immunity抗体antibody抗原antigen检疫quarantine七、统计边际效应edge(border) effect空白试验blank assay区组block保护行bound row可加性additivity方差分析analysis of variance完全随机设计completely random design 随机区组设计randomized blocks design 平均数average对照check(CK)、control卡平方测验chi-square tests回归regression相关correlation效应effect自由度degress of treedom(df)误差error标准差SD(standard deviation)标准误SE(standard error)小区plot多重比较multiple comparisons局部控制local control八、实验比色分析colorimetric analysis石英砂arenaceous quartz层析、色谱chromatography电泳electrophoresis人工气候室climatic chamber、growth chamber 秋水仙素colchicines凝胶gel照度计illuminometer培育incubation盆栽试验pot experiment放射自显影radioautography放射性同位素radiosotope放射性同位素标记的radiolabelled光谱分析spectral analysis分光光度计spectrophotometer上层清液supernatant微量分析microanalysis九、组织培养（tissue culture）琼脂agar培养基mediem无菌的aseptic(sterile)消毒sterilize升汞bichloride of mercury愈伤组织callus培养皿culture dish器官发生organogeny继代栽培subculture紫外的ultraviolet分化differentiation再分化redifferentiation脱分化dedifferentiation看护培养nurse culture分生组织meristem平板培养plate culture外植体explants原生质体protoplasts全能性totipotency形态发生morphogenesis远缘杂交outcross连续培养continuous culture体细胞杂交somatic hybirdization质壁分离plasmolysis诱变mutagenesis胚状体embroid离体in vitro悬浮培养suspension culture微繁殖micropropagation振荡培养shaking culture十、学科生态学ecology群落生态学synecology生物学biology经济学ecology昆虫学entomology气象学meteorology统计学statistics生物统计学biometry农学agronomy土壤学pedology解剖学anatomy植物解剖学phytotomy植物学botany植物生理学physiology生物化学biochemistry遗传学genetics微生物学microbiology育种学breeding形态学morphology病理学pathology真菌学mycology病毒学virology分类学taxonomy（systematics）果树学carpology、pomology果树栽培学arboriculture、pomoculture蔬菜学olericulture花卉园艺学floriculture园林设计landscape design观赏园艺ornamental horticulture树木学dendrology柑桔学citrology草本学agrostology组织学histology.-。