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称谓口译

-称谓口译第一单元口译技巧1-1称谓口译校长(大学)President of Beijing University校长(中小学)Principal/Headmaster of Donghai Middle School局长director省长governor院长(大学下属)Dean of the Graduate School系主任(大学学院下属)Chair/Chairman of the English Department会长\主席(学生会\协会)President of the Student Union,Shanghai University 厂长(企业)Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant院长(医院)President of Huadong Hospital主任(中心)Director of the Business Center主任(行政)Director of Foreign Affairs Office董事长(企业)President/Chairman of the Board of Directors董事长(学校)President/Chairman of the Board of Trustees首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总……”表示,而表示首席长官的英语称谓则常带有chief, general,head,managing这类词,因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时,需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯:总书记general secretary总工程师chief engineer总编辑chief editor;editor-in-chief;managing editor总经理general manager;managing director;executive head总教练head coach总干事secretary-general;commissioner总指挥commander-in-chief;generalissimo总领事consul-general总监chief inspector;inspector-general总厨head cook;chef补充总会计师chief accountant总建筑师chief architect总出纳chief cashier;general cashier总裁判chief referee总代理general agent总导演head director有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译,可以一些通用的头衔词表示,例如下列机构的负责人可以用director,head或chief来表示:司(部署)department厅(省署)department署(省属)(行署)office;administrative office局bureau所institute处division科section股section室office教研室program/section例:局长:director of the bureau,head of the bureau,bureau chief.国务院the State Council属下的部为ministry,所以部长叫做minister.另外,公署专员叫做commissioner,其办事机构叫做“专员公署”,英语为prefectural commissioner’s office.汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字,英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况,可选择vice,associate,assistant,deputy等词。

相对而言,vice使用面较广,例如:副总统(或大学副校长等)vice president副主席(或系副主任等)vice chairman副总理vice premier副部长vice minister副省长vice governor副市长vice mayor副领事vice consul副校长(中小学)vice principal行政职务的副职头衔与学术头衔的“副”职称往往用不同的词表达,最为常用的英语词是associate,例如:副教授associate professor副研究员associate research fellow副主编associatemanaging editor副编审associate senior editor副审判长associate judge副研究馆员associate research fellow of…(e.g.,library science)副译审associate senior translator副主任医师associate senior doctor当然,有些英语职位头衔,如manager和headmaster,其副职头衔可冠以assistant,例如副总经理assistant/deputy general manager,assistant/deputy managing director大堂副理(宾馆)assistant manager副校长(中小学)assistant headmaster以director表示的职位的副职常以deputy director表示。

此外,secretary,mayor, dean等头衔的副职也可冠以deputy,例如:副秘书长deputy secretary-general副书记deputy secretary副市长deputy mayor副院长deputy dean学术头衔系列除了含“正”“副”级别的高级职称和中级职称外,还有初级职称如“助理”,“助理”常用assistant来表示,例如:助理教授assistant professor助理研究员assistant research fellow助理工程师assistant engineer助理编辑assistant editor助理馆员assistant research fellow of…(e.g.,library science)助理教练assistant coach助理农艺师assistant agronomist还有一些行业的职称头衔,其高级职称不用“正”或“副”表示,而直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示,我们可以用senior来称呼,例如:高级编辑senior editor高级工程师senior engineer高级记者senior reporter高级讲师senior lecturer高级教师senior teacher高级农艺师senior agronomist有一些行业的职称或职务系列中,最高级别的职位冠以“首席”一词,英语常用chief来表示:首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO)首席法官chief judge首席顾问chief advisor首席检察官chief inspector/prosecutor首席仲裁员chief arbitrator首席监事chief supervisor首席播音员chief announcer/broadcaster首席代表chief representative首席记者chief correspondent除了用“总”“高级”“首席”等词语来表示一些机构或行业的最高级职务之外,还有一些高级职务则使用带“长”字的头衔,例如:检察长procurator-general审判长presiding judge;chief judge;chief of judges护士长head nurse秘书长secretary-general参谋长chief of staff厨师长head cook,chef有的头衔会含有诸如“代理”,“常务”,“执行”,“名誉”这类称谓语。

一般说来,“代理”可译作acting,例如:代理市长acting mayor代理总理acting premier代理主任acting director“常务”可以managing表示,例如:常务理事managing director常务副校长managing vice president(first vice mayor)“执行”可译作executive,例如:执行主任executive director执行秘书executive secretary执行主席executive chairman,presiding chairman“名誉”译为honorary,例如:名誉校长honorary president/principal名誉主席/会长honorary chairman/president有些职称或职务带有“主任”,“主治”,“特级”,“特派”,“特约”等头衔,英译不尽相同,例如:主任编辑associate senior editor主任秘书chief secretary主任医师senior doctor主任护士senior nurse主治医师attending/chief doctor;physician;consultant特级教师special-grade senior teacher特级记者accredited correspondent特派员/专员commissioner特约编辑contributing editor特约记者special correspondent许多职称,职务的头衔称谓其英语表达法难以归类,需要日积月累,逐步登录在自己的称谓语料库中。

以下所列举是其中的一部分:办公室主任office manager财务主任treasurer车间主任workshop manager/director编审senior editor博导doctoral student supervisor研究生导师graduate student supervisor客座教授visiting professor院士academician译审senior translator村长village head领班captain,foreman,gaffer经纪人broker税务员tax collector研究馆员research fellow of…股票交易员stock dealer红马夹(stock exchange)floor broker业务经理service/business/operation manager住院医生resident(doctor),registrar国际大师international master注册会计师chartered/certified public accountant;registered/incorporated accountant我国有一些常见的荣誉称号(honorary title)在许多英语国家没有对应的表达语,现列举部分英译供参考:标兵pacemaker学习标兵student pacemaker;model student劳动模范model worker模范教师model teacher优秀教师excellent teacher优秀员工outstanding employee,employee of the month/year青年标兵model youth/youth pacemaker青年突击手youth shock worker三好学生“triple-A”outstanding student;outstanding student三八妇女红旗手“March8th Red Banner”outstanding woman pacemaker。

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