aspnitn. arol ont. of denticulate lig. SShpeinaathl no.f pos. root of spinal n. Subarachnoid space Ligamenta flava
3. Internal vertebral venous plexus external vertebral venous plexus basivertebral vein椎体静脉 Intervertebral vein
sacral hiatus
Liga. flava
nucleus pulposus anulus fibrous
（三）vertebral canal and
its contents
1．The vertebral canal
formed by the 24 ral foramina and sacral canal connected together
Vertebrae椎骨
include 7 cervical vertebra、12 thoracic vertebra、5 lumbar vertebra、1 sacral bone、1 coccyx.
Vertebral foramen superior articular process
Lamina of vertebral arch
transverse foramen
dental fovea dens
Atlas 寰椎
Axis 枢椎
Median atlantoaxial joint
（2）Thoracic Vertebrae 胸椎：
Sup. Costal fovea
Transverse costal fovea
Transverse costal fovea
Lateral wall: the pedicles of vertebral arches, intervertebral foramina
2．spinal cord and its meninges and space dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
epidural space
denticulate ligament.
subarachnoid space
spinal pia mater
- Spinal Arachnoid Mater
ant. and pos. internal vertebral venous plexus
Intervertebral disc
Anulus fibrous
Nucleus pulposus
Pos. Longitudinal lig.
Spinal ganglion Subdural space Spinal pia mater Arachnoid mater
Spinal dura mater epidural space
Ant. Longitudinal lig.
Inf. Costal fovea
（3）Lumbar Vertebrae
（4） Sacrum and Coccyx ： promontory
Anterior sacral foramina
横线 sacral cornu
coccyx
Pos. sacral foramina Auricular surface
Inferiorly: coccyx apex Divided into the cervical,
thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions
Spine
Vertebra Intervertebral disc—nucleus and anulus fibrous Anterior and posterior longitudinal lig. Ligamenta flava Intervertebral foramina: the radix of spinal nerve , vessels, and fat tissue through it Zygapophysial joint
subdural space
subarachnoid space: contains the cerebrospinal
fluid . The space becomes wider from the lower end of spinal cord to the terminal cistern and contains the cauda equina
Anterior wall: posterior suface of the vertebral bodies,the pos. border of intervertebral disc and the pos. longitudinal lig.
Posterior wall: laminae of vertebral arches, ligamenta flava
Spinous process
vertebral body
pedicle of vertebral arch
transverse process
（1）Cervical Vertebra ：transverse foramen: the vertebral artery and vein through it
The sectional anatomy of vertebral column and CT\MRI
脊柱的断面解剖
Boundaries and divisions
Consists of the spinal column and the structures around it.
Superiorly: external occipital protuberance
Intervertebral foramen
zygapophysial joint
Intervertebral disc
body Dura sac fat
Transverse section of cervical vertebral region