定语从句（一）关系代词The Attributive Clause---- Relative Pronoun一、 定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。
二、关系词定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
1. that 的用法that 既可以指人，也可以指物，指人时可与who, whom 互换，指物时有时可与which 互换。
在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。
①His father works in a factory that/which makes car. 他父亲在一家汽车制造厂工作。
作主语，指物②The lady I want to visit taught me French at that time.我要去③我们昨天参作宾语，指物2. which 的用法which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略（放在介词后除外）。
Which 也可以指代这个主句。
①字典就是讲解单词意思的书作主语②这就③The sun heats the sun, which makes it possible for man to live.太阳给地球热量，这使得人类能够生存。
代替整个主句3. who/whom的用法Whom在从句中用作宾语，现在仅用于正式文体。
用who代替whom在从句中做宾语，主语用于口语。
如：①The gentleman whom Rose encountered addressed her with courtesy.罗斯遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。
（正式文体）②The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
（非正式文体）在口语中，who, whom, which在从句中做动词宾语时，常常省去。
如：①I don’t like people who talk much but do little. 我不喜欢光说不练的人。
作主语②你认识我们在门口遇见的那个年轻人吗③He didn’t become the person who his father wanted him to be.他没有成为他父亲希望的那种人。
作表语注意：whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替。
I have many friends to whom I will send postcards. 我有许多需要寄贺卡的朋友。
4. whose的用法whose在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物。
①这个女孩学习很②We have English classes in the classroom whose door is broken.我们在那个门坏了的教室上英语课。
指物四、限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
1.限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成立。
如：①He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.②Here is the boy who damaged the glass.2.非限制性定语从句：主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。
如：①The book is written by Guo Jinming, who is only 19 years old.②Bob’s father, who was an engineer, spent 4 years in Egypt.③Shanghai, which is developing fast, has become one of world’s tradecenters.【注意】：非限制性定语从句不能用that引导①She is very fond of French, which indeed she speaks quite well.which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情①Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad.②He lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted.五、关系代词的省略引导限制性宾语从句的关系代词在作宾语、表语时可以省略，但作主语和引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词不可省略。
①I have been the city twice（which/that）you just visited.你刚参观完的那座城市，我去过两次。
②After 10 years, John is not the naughty boy(who/that) he used to 年后，约翰已经不是当年那个淘气的男孩了。
A.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词：主句：______ 定语从句：（）先行词：先行词关系词：thatThis is the book (that I have been looking for).1. The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.2. Have you bought the book which we talked about3. I still remember the day which we spent together last week.4. He still lives in the house whose windows face south.5. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently inour class.6.The girl who you met was John’s sister.B．填入适当的关系词1.I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.2.Yesterday Emmy was wearing the new dress ________ I gave her.3.The man ________ leg was broken in a match was a football player.4.Kevin is reading a book ________ is too difficult for him.5.The family ________ I’m staying with lives in the countr y.6.I know the student ________ book was published.7.Betty, ________ has never been abroad, is studying English hard.8.My parents live in a house ________ is more than 100 years old.9.The boy with ________ John spoke is my brother.10.Shanghai is the city ________ I visited last summer.1 who2 which/that /3 whose4 which/that5 that/省略6 whose7 who8 which / that9 whom 10 that /which /省略C．单项选择1.Who is the man ________ is reading a book over there （杭州）A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. what2.The man ________ is talking with my teacher is Tom’s father. （四川眉山）A. who C. whose D. which3.Li Mei is the student ________ handwriting is the best in our class.（贵州铜仁）A. whoseB. whomC. who4.The people ________ helped us build our hometown are from Beijing.（四川德阳）A. whichB. whomC. who5.There will be a stamp show in the museum ________ we visited last week.（嘉兴、舟山）A. whoB. whenC. which6.Peter likes music ________ is very loud and energetic. （山东临沂）A. thatB. whoC. whomD. /7.One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou ________ are oftenvisited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake. （扬州）A. whatB. whoC. thatD. /8.—Who is your new head teacher this semester（黄冈）—The woman ________ is wearing a red skirt.A. whomB. whoC. whoseD. which9.—Do you know the man ________ is reading the book over there （湖北襄阳）—Yes, he’s Mr. Green, our PE teacher.A. whichB. whatC. whomD. who10.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school________ I met in the English speech contest last year. （湖北十堰）A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which11.—What are you looking for （长沙）—I’m looking for the book ________ you lent me yesterday.A. thatB. whoC. whose12.Tony, tell me the result of the discussion ________ you had with yourdad yesterday. （河南）A. whatB. whichC. whenD. who1---5 AAACC 6---10 ACBDA 11---12 AB定语从句（二）关系副词The Attributive Clause--- Relative Adverb一、关系副词关系副词在句子中作状语。