英语句子成分ppt课件
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谓语
❖ 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:
You may keep the book for two weeks. (2)由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构
成。如:
He doesn’t speak English. They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. (3)由系动词加表语构成。如: We are students. 注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
句子成分
❖ (一)句子成分的定义: ❖ 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
主要成分 主语、谓语
句子成分
表语、宾语、定语、状语
次要成分 补足语、同位语、插入语
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主语:
❖ 主语 (Subject)
表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。 是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但 在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时) 和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动 词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、 动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 例如:
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表语
❖ 表语(Predicative)
❖ 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份, 它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。
❖ 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及 表语从句表示。例如:
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1.Our teacher of English is an American. (名词) 2.Is it yours? (代词) 3.The weather has turned cold. (形容词) 4.The speech is exciting. (分词) 5.Three times seven is twenty one. (数词)
8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
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谓语
❖谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或 具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语, 一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
❖ 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构 成。如: He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock.
5)变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如: The river was beginning to run dry.
6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有 prove, turn out, 表达"结果是;证明是 ",之意, 例如: The rumor proved false.
2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度, 主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always keeps silent at the meeting.
3)表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有 seem, appear, look, 例如:
girls. (数词) 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
(不定式)
5.Smoking does harm to the health(. 动名词) 6.The rich should help the poo(r. 名词化的形容词)
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7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句)
(副词)
(副词)
10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.
(表语从句)
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注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和 表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。
1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词, 例如:
He is a teacher.
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6.His job is to teach English. (不定式)
7.His hobby is playing football. (动名词)
8.The meeting is of great importance. (介词短语)
9.Time is up. The class is over.
His plan turned out a success.
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宾语
❖ 宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承受者,一 般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
1.He is doing his homework.
(名词)
2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming
to school on time.
(代词、 动名词)
3.----How many dictionaries do you have? ----I have fivethe old with their housework
yesterday(. 名词化形容词,
名词)
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1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词)
2.We often speak English in class(. 代词) 3.One-third of the students in this class are
He seems (to be) very sad.
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注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表 语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。
4)感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft.