八、动词考试标准：1. 熟悉常用的基本形式：动词原形，过去式，过去分词，现在分词和第三人称单数形式。

2. 能正确使用常用及物动词和不及物动词。

3. 掌握常用连系动词如be, get, look, seem等，及其与表语连用的特点。

4. 能分清look, get, grow, turn 等作连系动词和作为行为动词用的不用含义。

5. 能正确使用助动词如be, do ,have ,shall, will 等。

6. 掌握情态动词can，may，must等的基本用法，can’t，may，must，might 等表推测的用法，以及needn’t，mustn’t等在答语中的基本用法。

7. 能正确使用六种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时。

8. 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时和带有情态动词can，may，must等的被动语态。

9. 熟悉并掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语和作宾语补足语的用法。

10. 理解现在分词与过去分词在用法上的区别。

动词的四种形式A、动三单的变法1) “辅+y”结尾, 变y为i加es；2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o结尾, 加es；3)直接加s但have----hasB、现在分词的变法1)去e加ing (e不发音)；2)双写加ing (“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外)；3)直接加ing写出下列动词的现在分词1.see_______e ________3.stop_______4.open _______5.listen_______6.drop ______7.prefer________8.fix_______ 9.relax ______10.die _______11.tie _______12.lie _______C、动词的过去式和过去分词（一）不规则变化（见课本不规则变化表P255）（二）规则变化1) “辅+y”结尾，变y为i加ed；2)双写加ed；3)直接加ed写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词1.drop ______ _______2.stop ______ ______3.prefer ________ _________4.study ______ ______5.try ______ ____6.fix _____ ______7.relax ______ ______附Ⅱ——情态动词（can/ could; may/ might; must; should）+动原1.must(必须)——needn’t(不必)may(可以)——mustn’t(不许；不准；不可以)2.注意几个题：1)—May I go with you? —No, you _________.2)—Must I turn off the light now? —Yes, you ______/ No, you _________ 附Ⅲ——动词不定式与动名词A 、动词不定式作宾补1)tell / ask / want sb to do ______________否定式：tell/ask/want sb not to do ______________________________2)省to 不定式作宾 ，即：(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb dol —let; m —make; n —notice; 3h —hear, have, help; 2看—see, watch; 1f —feel但注意：1)help sb (to) do (to 可省、可不省)2)在改作被动语态时省去的to 应还原eg. Someone heard him sing in the room.He was heard to sing in the room.B 、动词不定式与动名词的区别1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doingdoing worth be problems some have fun have to doing prefer to on contributi a make from prevent keep stop like feel in spend in busy be ⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧...//)...()(⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯（已做）记住已做了（未做）记住做（已做）忘记已做了（未做）忘记做停止做（正在做的事））停下来去做（另一件事::::::.3doing do to remember doing do forget doing do to stop 动作在进行）动作结束）((),,.(4doing do sb hear watch see （原来的事）继续做（另一件事）接着做⋯⋯⋯⋯::.5doing do to on go 常可替换）（(),,.6doing dolike start begin 动原+⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧than rather do to prefer please you Could would Will better had not Why //.7 8.介词+doingeg. 1)What/ How about doing2)be good at doing附Ⅳ——宾语从句与状语从句中的时态1.状语从句中的时态：eg.1)I’ll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.2)He won’t go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.3)I’ll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow2.宾语从句中的时态：但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。

eg.1)He said his father _________(come) back in two days.2)The teacher said light ________(travel) faster than sound.附Ⅴ——主谓一致1.表“时间、距离、金钱、长度”的名词短语做主语时应看作一个整体，视为三单eg. Two months is quite a long time.2.people; police形单实为复，作主为复eg. The police are looking for the missing boy.3.maths, news, physics形复实为单，作主为单4.family; class看作整体时作主语为单数；看作整体中的各成员时则为复数。

eg. 1)My family is a big one.2)My family are watching TV.5.由with, except, as well as连接的两名词作主语，谓语由前者决定eg. The teacher with his students is going to Beijing tomorrow.6.由neither…nor; either…or; not only…bout also连接的两名词作主语，谓语由后者决定eg. Neither he nor I am a teacher.7.不定代词（something; anything; nothing; someone; anyone; everyone…）作主语为三单Nobody knows it except me.8.One of + 复名… 作主语为单数eg. One of my friends is a computer engineer.9.“the +姓的复数”作主语为复数eg. The Lius are watching TV now.10.sheep; deer; fish单复同形，注意区别作主语是单还是复eg. 1)There are many sheep on the hill.2)Milk ____ white, and sheep ______ white, too. (be填空)11.there be结构中，如果有两个以上的名词作主语，则be应与最接近的那个名词一致。

（即：靠近原则）eg.1)There ____a box and some pens on the desk.2)There ____some pens and a box on the desk.12. either, neither, each作主语为三单eg. Neither of the twins ______(like) drawing.13.由两部分构成的事物名词（trousers, glasses, chopsticks）作主语为复数，但当前面有pair 短语修饰时，则谓语由pair的单复数来决定谓语。

eg.1)Where ____(be) my glasses?2)That pair of trousers ____(be) Mr. Green’s附Ⅵ——“短命”动词与“长命”动词之间的转化buy—have ; borrow—keep ; die—be dead ; leave—be away (from); come back—be back; fall asleep—be asleep ; open—be open ;catch a cold—have a cold; go /get out—be out;arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地点—be in +地点；join—be in +集体（或be + 成员）；turn on—be on; turn off—be off ;get a letter from—have a letter from.end /finish—be over ; get up—be up ;练习一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Mother ________ (watch) TV every evening.2.We________(talk) when the teacher came in.3.He ________(go) to Beijing two days ago.4.He ________(leave) Chengdu in two days.5.Look! The boy________(play) football on the playground.6.My uncle ______(live) here for ten years.7.He often helps the old woman _______ (carry) water.8.Would you like to make a contribution to ________ (improve) our living conditions?9.Don’t forget ________(turn) off the lights before you go out.10.Please let the girls _____(go) first.二、选择填空( )1.—Must I turn off the light now? ---No, you ____ A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t ( )2.Our teacher told us the sun ____ in the east. A. rose B. rises C. is rising ( )3.He ___ back in a month. A. will come B. come C. came( )4.I ___ him before. A. met B. had met C. have met( )5.The teacher ____ to Japan this year. She’s now telling her pupils abou t it.A. wentB. has beenC. has gone( )6.It ____ hard when I got home yesterday. A. rained B. is raining C. was raining ( )7.Why not ____ again? A. to try B. try C. trying( )8.He has finished ____ the letter. A. writing B. to write C. wrote( )9.It _____ every night. A. happens B. is happened C. happened( )10.The policeman told the children ____ in the street.A.to not playB.not playC.not to play。