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中国三农问题的现状、存在问题和对策
落实科学发展观:以工促农,以城带乡,工业反哺 农业,城市支持农村,多予少取放活
目标:生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、 管理民主
“五个坚持”:
以发展农村经济为中心; 农村基本经营制度,尊重农民主体地位; 以人为本,让农民得到实惠; 科学规划、因地制宜、分类指导; 发挥各方面积极性:农民劳动、国家扶持、社会参与
Crude Birth Rate and Net Growth Rate of City and County
50 40 30 20 10
0
-101954 1957 1960 1961 1963 1966 1971 1975 1980 1981 1983 2000
-20
City CBR County CBR
1949
54167
5765
48902
10.6
1957
64653
9949
65704
15.4
1978
96259
17245
79004
18.0
1990 2000 2005
114333 126743 130756
30191 45906 56212
113242 80837 74504
26.41 36.22
43
A2. 2000年中国城乡人口出生率和增长率
Control population quantity, enhance of population quality
Encourage late marriage, late birth; promote one child; allow two children in accordance with law or regulation
人 均 粮 食 Per Capital Grain Output
B5. 耕地变化
100 million Mu, Mu
Dynamics of Cultivated Land
16 14.896 14 12
10 8 6
14.246
4
2 1.519
0 1980
1985
1990
1.176 1995
2001
Year
中国 “三农”问题
Issues Pertaining to “Agriculture, rural area and Farmers” in China
Introduction
Since the founding of PRC in 1949,industry has enjoyed priority over agriculture, and policies have been tilted in favor urban development. After the economic reform and opening to outside world, China has been undergoing a rapid and drastic transformation. Demographically, birth and death rate declined from a relative high to a relatively low stage. Economically, economies are transforming from a very backward economy to a relatively industrialized one, from the planned economy to a preliminary market oriented economy. The society is in transition from traditional to a more or less modern one. In this rapid transformation ,rural area is in a very disadvantageous position.
任务重、经济、文化条件差、实际困难多、难度大 hard job, economically and culturely
封建意识深、难于改变 feudal ideology
4. 对中国严格控制人口的论证 Justification of Strict Population Control
1.人口容量(Carrying Capacity and Optimum Population)
Production
B1(a)
国内生产总值增长 Dynamics of GDP in China
100 million yuan %
200000
18
180000
160000
15
140000
120000
12
100000
80000
9
60000
40000
6
20000
0
3
1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 year
B3. 农业总产值构成
Composition of Gross Agriculture Output
1978
1985
1990
80
69.2
64.7
1995
58.4
2000
55.7
Planting种植业
Forestry林业
Animal Husbandry 牧业 Fishing渔业
B4. 粮食产量 Grain Production
Arguments;
a. population is still growing in the first half of the 21st century
b. shortage of fresh water to guarantee high yield per hectare
c. decrease of arable lands
GDP
Annual Growth Rate
B1(b) .国内生产总值构成
Composition of Gross Domestic Production
100%
80%
60%
40%
20% 28.1
0% 1978
1985
1990
第三产业 第二产业 第一产业
20.5
15.4
1995
2000
2002
year
10000 Ton, Kg/hecare Kg60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000
0
1965
1985
1990 Year
1995
450 400 350 300 250 1999
粮食总产量 Gross Output of Grain
粮食单产 Average Unit Area Yield of Grain
“三农”总论(1)
“三农”:实现工业化、城镇化、现代化的历史 必由之路。全面建设小康社会的重中之重,落 实到建设社会主义新农村。是全面扩大内需。
现在我国处于爬坡阶段:1.农业基础设施脆弱 (农田基建-路、水、电、通讯);2.农村社 会事业发展(教育、医疗、保险等)滞后;3.城乡 收入差距突出
“三农”总论(2)
Ethnic minority should practice family planning
3. 人口控制的重点和难点在农村 Rural area----focal point and knotty problems in
family planning
农村人口数量多、比重大、增长快 huge size, high increasing rate
7.对国家建设和人民生活的影响(Impacts on economic development and standard of living)
8.人口质量(population quality)
B、全面、持续农业 生产发展
Comprehensive, Sustainable Development of Agricultural
耕地面积Area of Cultivated Land
人均耕地面积Area of Cultivated Land Per Capital
1. 中国人口与粮食生产
Lester Brown:“21世纪谁来养活中国人?” “中国解决粮食问题,许多穷国的人要挨饿”
主要论据:
a、中国人口要继续增长 b、中国耕地日益减少的必然趋势 c、中国是淡水资源最缺乏的国家之一 d、化肥过度使用以至于“报酬递减”
2.中国人口的水平分布和垂直分布 (Horizontal and Vertical Distribution)
3.现有的和潜在的育龄人群(Baby-boom Cohort)
4. 对中国严格控制人口的论证 Justification of Strict Population Control
4.就业问题(Employment)
前言
Introduction
“三农”就是农业、农村、农民的通称。
统筹城乡经济发展、建设现代农业、发 展农村经济、增加农民收入是全面建设 小康社会的重大任务。
中国的基本国情是人口多、底子薄、耕 地少、人均资源相对不足、农业人口占 大多数、地区发展不平衡,这就决定 “三农”是社会主义革命也是社会主义 建设的重要问题。农村人口问题更是重 中之重。
15000
35 10000
5000
30
0
25
1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
Year 农业总产值 Agriculture Output 农业占GDP 比重 percentage ofAgriculture Output