新概念英语第一册课语法复习
So have I.
Neither can I.
❖ 注意:1. neither “也不”,本身已有否定意义;
❖
2. 句式倒装,即主谓调换位置
❖
3. 根据前一句的意义和时态选择相应动词,
❖
但在人称上要与本句人称保持一致。
❖ 结构:Neither + be/情态动词 / 助动词+主语
❖ Ex. I haven’t got any changes. 我也没有。
Grammars
Must I arrive on time? ❖ -Yes, you must. ❖ -No, you needn't.
Do I have to arrive on time? ❖ -Yes, you have to. ❖ -No, you don't have/need to.
Summary
❖
由neither或nor引起的,表示前面所说的情
况
❖
也适用于另一个人(或物)的句子
复合不定代词总表
后 缀 前缀 some-某个
any-任何
-one人
-body人 -thing东西 -where地方 事情
someone somebody something somewher e
anyone anybody anything anywhere
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
❖ 3. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.
A has completed university B. has completed the university
一般疑问句: Were you having supper when the phone rang?
Grammar 过去进行时
四、主要用法:
(8A U6)
1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在 进行的动作。
e.g. He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
❖
Grammars
❖ 过去完成时: (过去的过去)
❖ 构成: had +过去分词。
❖ 过去完成时主要用于表示两个事件中一个发生
在前,或者说是表示较早的过去。 when、
after 、before等也常与过去完成时连用,
以强调事件发生的先后次序。
总结
❖ 两个事件都发生在过去,如果哪个在前发 生用过去完成时表示,哪个在后用一般过 去时表示 本课当中出现before和after 引导的时间状 语从句
How is it formed?
被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词, 定语从句常跟在先行词之后,由关系代词
或关系副词引导。
The lady who is standing behind the
counter.
关系代词
指人
指物
主语
that
√
√
√
which
√
√
who
√
√
whom
√
关系代词在句中作宾语时可以省去
所学内容
❖ 1.形容词与副词都有三个等级,原级,比较级,最 高级。
❖ 2.So / Neither 倒装句 3.复合不定代词
❖ 4.过去进行时was/were + doing ❖ 5.用when或while引导的时间状语从句 ❖ 6过去完成时 ❖ 7定语从句 ❖ 8情态动词:must,have to
❖ 2. If you won’t go, neither shall I.
❖ 3. -- I haven’t done my homework.
❖ –Neither / Nor have I.
❖ 4.I didn’t read the notice on the bulletin
❖
board,
❖ nor did he.
whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,at that time等;或者与when, while, as引导的 过去时间状语连用。
Grammar
三、 1. 过去进行时的肯定式:
主语+was/were + 动词的现在分词 2. 过去进行时的否定式:
❖ When she came in, I was doing some housework. (瞬时 动词)
❖ When I lived with the Smiths, we used to discuss international issues together. (延续性的动词)
❖ ② while + 过去进行时(持续性动词)表示某一段时间,主 句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
❖ 1. 对过去的推测 ❖ (1)肯定推测:must have been “那时一定是” ❖ 2. 过去正在发生的推测 ❖ 1)肯定推测:must have been doing “那时一定正在
做…” must have +been doing肯定某人过去正在进行的事 情的推
❖ 原级比较:as… as Bil否l i定s用asnoftaats…asaTsom . Bill和Tom一样胖。 He runs as fast as you. 他和你跑得一样快。
❖ 在as …as 中间使用的形容词和副词一定要用原级.
So / Neither 倒装句
I've got some small change.
2. 情态动词+be doing,表对:_正_在__进__行_的__情_况__进__行_ 推测。
❖例:He must be having a lot of money.
❖ 他一定有很多钱。 ❖ 他们一定正在睡觉吧。 ❖ They must be sleeping. ❖ Jim may be playing the basketball. ❖ 吉姆可能正在打篮球。
before+一般过去时,主句用过去完成时
e.g. The film had already begun before I came back.
after + 过去完成时, 主句用一般过去时
e.g. He left the room after he had turned off the light .
2、表示故事发生的背景。
e.g. It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下着雪。
用when或while引导的时间状语从句:
❖ ① when + 过去进行时(持续性动词)/ 一般过去时(瞬 时性动词)某个时间点,某一段时间,主句和从句的动作可 以同时发生,从句的动作可前后发生
❖ 1. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
❖ 2. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
CA D A B
Grammars
❖ 定义:在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。 ❖ 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词是先行词。定语从句必须
放在先行词之后。
❖ 定语从句要由关联词:关系代词who, whom, that,which或关系副词when, where等引导。
The student who answered the question was peter. 回答问题的那个学生叫Peter.
every-每个 no-没
everyone everybody everything
no one / nobody none
nothing
everywher e
nowhere
Grammar
过去进行时 (8A U6)
一、过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内 正在 进行或发生的动作。
二、常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:this morning,the
9对现在,将来,过去,正在进行的猜测 ❖ 对过去肯定的推测:must have been
对过去否定的推测:can’t have been 10反义疑问句 11 If 引导的条件状语从句 12 直接引语变成间接引语 13 被动语态
Grammar
❖ 形容词与副词都有三个等级,原级,比较级,最高 级。
1. 情态动词+原形,表示对现__在_或__将__来_的__情_况__进__行___ 推测。
❖ 例:He must be a teacher. ❖ 他一定是一名老师。(系表) ❖ 肯定的推断: ❖ 否定的推断:must be 肯定是
can’t be 不可能是
(而不是mustn’t be) ❖ She must be doing....
主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词 3. 过去进行时的疑问式:
Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词?源自过去进行时 (8A U6)
肯定句:We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
否定句:
We were not having supper when the phone rang.
宾语 √ √ √ √