2016年职称英语教材卫生类新增文章补全短文第三篇Baby TalkBabies normally start to talk when they are 13 to 15 months old. Ryan Jones is only eight months old, but he is already “talking”with his parents. When lie is hungry, he opens and closes his hand. This means milk. He also knows the signs for his favorite toy and the word more.Ryan is not deaf, and his parents are not deaf, but his mother and father are teaching him to sign. They say a word and make a sign at the same time. They repeat this again and again. When ___1___ Ryan’s parents think that he will be a happier baby because he can communicate with them.Ryan s parents are teaching Ryan to sign because of a man named Joseph Garcia. Although Garcia was not from a deaf family, he decided to learn American Sign Language (ASL). First, he took courses in ASL. Then he got a job helping deaf people communicate with hearing people. In his work, he saw many deaf parents sign to their infants. He noticed that these babies were able to communicate much earlier than hearing children. ___2___ When they were one year old, they could use as many as 50 signs.Garcia decided to try something new. He taught ASL to parents who were not deaf. The families started to teach signs to their infants when they were six or seven months old. ___3___ More and more parents took Garcia’s ASL classes. Like Ryan’s family, they were excited about signing with their babies. They wanted to give their babies a way to communicate before they could use spoken words.Some people worry about signing to babies. They are afraid that these babies won’t feel a need to talk. Maybe they will develop spoken language later than other babies. ___4___ In fact, one study found just the opposite. Signing babies actually learned to speak earlier than other children. As they grow older, these children are more interested in books. They also score higher on intelligence tests1.There is still a big question for parents: Which are the best signs to teach their babies? Some parents make their own signs. Other parents want to teach ASL. ___5___ There’s no clear answer, but we do know this: All signing babies and their families are talking quite a lot!词汇：normally /'nɔ:m(ə)li/ adv. 正常地；通常地，一般地infant /'infənt / n. 婴儿；幼儿；未成年人communicate /kə'mju:nikeit/ 通信；交流；感染opposite /'ɔpəzit/ adj. 相反的；n. 对立面，反义词注释：1. intelligence test：智力测试练习：A However, research does not show this.B All parents want to teach babies to sign.C Ryan learns a new sign, his family is very excited.D These babies started using signs about two months later.E It can be useful because many people understand it.F They talked with signs by the time they were eight months old.答案与题解：1. C 第二段主要是讨论Ryan学习手语的过程，当他学会一种新的手势时，父母非常高兴。
2. F 这一段讲的是婴儿在学习手语过程中的共同规律。
题目前一句讲Garcia注意到学习手语的婴儿比普通婴儿更早开始交流，后一句讲婴儿1岁时能使用的手势多达50种，因此，此处应填“这些婴儿从8个月起就开始用手语交流”。
3. D 这一段讲有些家庭在婴儿六七个月的时候开始教他们手语。
D选项中的these babies指代这些婴儿，符合题意。
4. A 前文讲有些人担心婴儿学习手语会导致其会话能力发展缓慢，后文讲的是研究表明并不是这样，因此空格处应填表示转折的句子。
5. E E选项是对前文中ASL的解释，ASL是通用手语，因此能被更多的人理解。
选项中的it即指代ASL。
参考译文第三篇婴儿语婴儿通常在1 ~15个月的时候开始说话。
Ryan Jones刚刚8个月，但他已经开始和父母“说话”了。
他饿的时候，就会把手一张一合，这个动作表示牛奶。
他还懂得表示他最喜欢的玩具以及“更多”这个词。
Ryan不是聋哑人，他的父母也不是，但他们正在教他手语。
他们在说话的同时做出相应的手语姿势，并不断重复。
当Ryan学会一个新的手势时，家人都非常高兴。
Ryan的父母认为，因为能和父母交流，Ryan会成为一个更快乐的婴儿。
Ryan的父母之所以教Ryan手语，是因为一名叫Joseph Garcia的人。
Garcia也不是聋哑人，但他决定学习美国手语（ASL）。
最开始的时候，他参加了一门相关课程的学习。
之后，他得到了一份帮助聋哑人和正常人交流的工作，在工作中，他看到很多聋哑人父母用手语与他们的幼子交流。
他注意到，这些孩子能比正常孩子更早地与他人交流。
他们8个月大的时候就能通过手语进行交流，而到了1岁的时候，他们能使用多达50种手势。
Garcia决定进行一些新的尝试，他向非聋哑人父母教授美国手语。
这些家庭在孩子六七个月的时候就教孩子手语，而孩子们在大约两个月之后就开始使用这些手语了。
越来越多的父母前去参加的美国手语课程。
和Ryan的家人一样，他们对于能和孩子通过手语交流感到非常兴奋。
他们想让孩子在会说话之前学会一种交流的方式。
有些人对此很担忧，他们担心这些小孩会觉得开口说话没有必要，这样他们的语言能力发展可能比其他孩子慢。
然而，研究表明，事实并非如此。
实际上，有一项研究发现，事实正好相反，掌握手语的孩子实际上比其他孩子更早开口说话。
随着年龄的增长，他们对阅读的兴趣更强，在智力测试中获得的分数更高。
对于父母来说，还有一个大问题：哪种手语对孩子来说是最好的？有的父母使用自己创造的手势，还有些父母使用美国手语，这种手语懂的人多，因此更有用。
目前对于这个问题还没有明确的答案，但是我们确切地知道：会用手语的婴儿和他们的家人会“说”很多话！2016年职称英语教材卫生类新增文章补全短文第五篇Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night — dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue. ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whosefavorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.词汇：vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑（=eyelid) motive /məutiv/ n. 动机stuffed /stʌft/ adj. 填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。