❖ Peking Opera is a purely Chinese opera form dating back to the year 1790, when the famous Four Anhui Opera Troupes first came to Beijing in celebration of the 80th birthday of Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799) of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The tour was a hit and the troupes stayed. In 1828, some famous Hubei Opera Troupe players came to Beijing.
湖北，安徽剧团的艺术家经常在舞台上
共同表演和吸收的剧目，在音乐，曲调和表
演技巧方面与其它剧种相互吸收。如昆曲，
秦腔和梆子，以及当地的方言和北京海关的
表演技巧 。其剧目主要描绘古老神话故事和
重要的历史事件4来自❖ It was after 1840 that Peking Opera formally took shape, growing even faster during the reign of the Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908), who was an opera aficionado. Classic Peking Opera repertoires and the names of the firstgeneration masters were on the lips of the people in Beijing, and eventually prevalent around the country.
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The artists of Hubei and Anhui troupes often jointly performed on the stage and absorbed repertoires,
music, arias and performing techniques of each other and from other operas like Kun Qu, Qin Qiang and Bang Zi, as well as the local dialect and customs of Beijing. Its repertoires mainly depict fairy tales of preceding dynasties and important historical events.
❖ utilizing（利用） modern elements to attract new audiences,
❖ and performing new plays outside of the traditional canon. （打破陈规）
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The development
❖ In addition to more formal reform measures, Beijing opera troupes also adopted more unofficial changes. Some of those seen in traditional works have been called "technique for technique's sake".
comparatively young
200-year history.
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Origin
京剧非“京”
Although it is called Peking Opera, the origins of Peking Opera are not in Beijing but in the provinces of Anhui (East China) and Hubei (South-central China). Its rise is due in great part to the favorable eyes and patronage of the imperial royalties. ❖ 京味道
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Four roles--- 净
Jing: painted faced male
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Four roles--- 丑
❖ Chou: clown, male or female
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❖ Such reforms have taken the form of creating a school of performance theory to increase performance quality,
❖
京剧是1840年以后正式形成了，慈禧太后
（1835至1908年）是一个歌剧爱好者，在位期间京剧
发展得更快。经典京剧剧目和第一代大师的名字，经
过人民的传诵，并最终在全国各地普遍存在。
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Four roles--- 生 Sheng: main male role
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Four roles--- 旦 Dan: young and beautiful female
tragedy and comedy,
and Indian Sanskrit
opera. Among the more
than 360 ancient local
operas in China, Peking
Opera is known as
China’s national opera,
despite its
❖ This has included the use of extended high pitch sequences by female Dan（旦）, and the addition of lengthier movement sections and percussion sequences to traditional works.
The gem -- Beijing Opera 国粹——京剧
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The gem -- Beijing Opera
❖ Chinese traditional
opera is considered
one of the world's three
ancient operas,
together with Greek