Section Four Consolidation ActivitiesⅠ. Vocabulary1.Word Derivation1) assurance n.→assure v.→assuring a.①她向我们保证一切都会好起来的。

She assured us that everything would turn out all right.or She gave us her assurance that everything would turn out all right.②他的安慰话帮我排除了恐惧。

His assuring words helped to banish my fear.2)discreet a.→discreetly ad.→discretion / discreetness n.①提出忠告要谨慎，接受忠告要虚心。

You need to be discreet in giving advice, humble in accepting it.②那人小心翼翼地把名片放进上衣口袋。

The man discreetly slipped the card into his top pocket.③他以最谨慎的态度处理此事。

He handled the matter with his best discretion.3)relax v.→relaxing a. →relaxation n.①你可以通过按摩来放松肌肉。

You can relax your muscles by massage.②业余爱好应该是可以使人放松的。

Hobbies are supposed to be relaxing.③瑜伽是一种可以使身心放松的运动。

Yoga is an exercise that can provide mental and physical relaxation.4)humiliation n.→humiliate v.→humiliating a.①士可杀不可辱。

A scholar prefers death to humiliation.②他在老板面前批评他的同事，因而让同事蒙羞。

He humiliated his colleague by criticising him in front of the boss.③历史上中国曾被迫签署了太多屈节辱国的条约。

In history, China has been forced to sign too many humiliating treaties.5)strategically ad.→strategic a.→strategy n.①在战略上，我们应该藐视一切敌人。

Strategically we should despise all our enemies.②西部大开发战略吸引了全世界的注意。

The large-scale development strategy for the western region drew worldwide attention.③一般而言，首先参战的那方具有战略优势。

Generally, the first to the field of battle has the strategic advantage.6) embarrass v.→embarrassing a.→embarrassment n.①他淘气地寻找机会让他姐姐难堪。

He mischievously looked for a chance to embarrass his sister.②每个人都会遇到不知该给服务生多少小费的窘境。

Everyone has faced the embarrassing dilemma of deciding how much extra to givea waiter.③他避免了在众人面前吻她的尴尬。

He spared the embarrassment of kissing her in front of everybody.7)maneuver v./n. →maneuverable a.①他设法跻身董事会。

He maneuvered himself into the board of directors.②在军事演习中，蓝军企图摸营，被红军挫败。

In the military maneuver, the blue army attempted to attack the red army’s sentinels in the dark, but was defeated.③这艘船的大小适中，可操作性很强。

The ship is of an appropriate size and is highly maneuverable.8) mature a.→maturity n.Antonym: immature a.→immaturity n.①她是位成熟的夫人，但显得年轻而且异乎寻常地美丽。

She was a mature woman, but appeared young and was extraordinarily beautiful.②她到十六岁发育成熟。

She had reached maturity by the time she was sixteen.③不管熟还是没有熟的水果，都可以用糖来保存。

The fruits, mature or immature, can be conserved with sugar.2. Phrase Practice1) You have to take your daughter to hospital, as a rash has broken out on her face and hands.break out: (of war, fighting, disease, or similarly undesirable things) start suddenly e.g.印度尼西亚爆发了森林火灾。

Forest fires have broken out across Indonesia.2) In the darkness, I _______ the right box. groped forgrope for:feel or search about uncertainly (for something) by hands; search uncertainly or with difficulty (for a solution, answer, etc.)e.g.我在黑洞洞的屋里摸索着寻找电灯开关。

I grope for the light switch in the dark room.3) I warned him repeatedly that it was no good _______ that kind of tricks ________ me. trying…ontry on: put on (an article of clothing) to find out whether it fits or is suitable; test the effect or result ofe.g.①你可以试试这件新上衣。

You can try on this new coat.②人们为什么热衷于摸彩票？Why do people like to try their luck on lottery?4) Our sympathies ________ the relatives of the victims. go out to(one’s heart or sympathy) go out to sb.:feel sympathy towards sb. and think about theme.g.他非常同情布莱克曼夫人和她那没有父亲的孩子。

His heart went out to Mrs. Blackman and her fatherless child.5) The drug traffickers were arrested after the police were ________ by the local residents. tipped offtip off:give an advance warning or hint to…e.g.他向警察告密，揭露了恐怖分子的阴谋。

He tipped off the police about the terrorist plot.3. Synonym / Antonym1. Adding to my distress was the distinct impression that everyone on campus was watching me.•Antonyms: vague, indistinct2. With that thought in mind, I raised my head, squared my shoulders, and set out in the direction of my dorm, glancing (and then ever so discreetly) at the campus map clutched in my hand.•Synonyms: carefully, meticulously3. What confidence, what reserve, what muscles!•Synonyms: self-restraint, self-control4. I spent the afternoon seeking out each of my classrooms so that I could make a perfectly timed entrance before each lecture without having to ask dumb questions about its whereabouts.•Antonyms: clever, intelligent, sensible5. Freshmen manuals advised sitting near the front, showing the professor in intelligent and energetic demeanor.•Synonyms: manner, behaviour6. I was even more surprised when I saw who the poor soul was: the very composed, very upper class football player I’d seen just days before …•Antonyms: excited, agitated7. I expected him to slink out of the cafeteria as I had, but instead he turned around and began preparing another tray.•Synonym: sneak8. What I had interpreted as a malicious attempt to embarrass a naive freshman had been merely a moment of college fun.•Antonyms: mature, sophisticatedⅡ. Grammar1) Nominal ClausesThere are five main types of nominal clauses: that-clauses, interrogative sub-clauses, nominal relative clauses, nominal to-infinitive clauses and nominal -ing clauses. Nominal clauses function like noun phrases. They can occur as subject, object, complement, apposition, and prepositional complement.For example:The hope is [that we will succeed]. (complement)The hope [that we will succeed] is unrealistic. (apposition)[What you do] does not concern me. (subject)I didn’t ask [where you live]. (object)I had prepared myself very carefully for [what I must say]. (prepositionalcomplement)[To send him money now] would be [to put the cart before the horse].(subject; complement)PracticeCombine each pair of sentences into one, using nominal clauses.（以下每句话的答案点击以后出现，注意斜体的地方做到ppt里面也要保持斜体）①Did he ever go there at all? Do you know?Do you know if/whether he ever went there at all?②What do you need? You need a good rest.What you need is a good rest.③Who does it belong to? You must give it back.You must give it back to whoever it belongs to.④I decided to resign, which was wise.My decision to resign was wise.⑤It is proposed that we should import more equipment. The proposal is to be discussed at the meeting.The proposal that we should import more equipment is to be discussed at the meeting.⑥Who can have told you that? It puzzles me.Who can have told you that puzzles me.2) so that（以下每句话的答案点击以后出现，注意斜体的地方做到ppt里面也要保持斜体）So that introduces an adverbial clause of purpose, which usually contains a modal verb.For example:The teacher must speak clearly [so that his students can understand well]. They climbed to the top of the mountain [so that they could get a bird’s-eye view of the city].Practice（以下每句话的答案点击以后出现，注意斜体的地方做到ppt里面也要保持斜体）Combine each pair of sentences into one, using “so that”.①He wore glasses and a false beard. Nobody would recognize him.He wore glasses and a false beard so that nobody would recognize him.②They are hurrying. They don’t want to miss the train.They are hurrying so that they may not miss the train.③Please arrive early. We want to be able to start the meeting on time.Please arrive early so that we can start the meeting on time.④John wanted to be heard in every room. He spoke through a microphone.John spoke through a microphone so that he could be heard in every room.⑤She locked the door. She didn’t want to be disturbed.She locked the door so that she wouldn’t be disturbed.⑥John has bought a bicycle. He may save money on fares.John has bought a bicycle so that he may save money on fares.3) Adverbial Clauses of ConcessionAdverbial clauses of concession express a contrast of meaning or implication of ‘unexpectedness’in relation with the main clauses. They are often introduced by concessive conjunctions such as although, though or prepositions such as despite.For example:[Although the car was badly damaged], none of the passengers was hurt.We enjoyed our holiday[despite the fact that it rained sometimes]. [However difficult the situation is], we shall stick to it.Practice（以下每句话的答案点击以后出现，注意斜体的地方做到ppt里面也要保持斜体）Combine each pair of sentences into one, using adverbial clauses of concession.①He had been prevented by illness from studying. He passed the exam.He passed the exam although he had been prevented by illness from studying.②He might be or not be here. I shouldn’t have time to see him.No matter whether he was here or not, I shouldn’t have time to see him.③Mr. Johnson is rich. Mr. Johnson is by no means a happy man.Rich as he is / Although he is rich, Mr. Johnson is by no means a happy man.④He is ill. He works hard.Despite / Although he is ill, he works hard.⑤The minister escaped without a scratch. Everything around the minister was blown to pieces.Though everything around him was blown to pieces, the minister escaped without a scratch.Ⅲ. Translation1. 听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过。