UNIT11.I have only once been in trouble with the law.The whole process of being arrested and taken to court was a rather unpleasant experience at the time,but it makes a good story now.What makes it rather disturbing was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.我平生只有一次跟警方发生纠葛。
被捕和出庭的整个过程在当时是一件非常不愉快的事，但现在倒成了一篇很好的故事。
这次经历令人可恼之处在于围绕着我的被捕以及随后庭上审讯而出现的种种武断专横的情况。
2.As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry,I was taking my time,looking in shop windowss,strolling in the park,and sometimes just stopping and looking around me.It must have been this obvious aimlessness that led to my downfall.由于天气晴朗，当时又无急事，我便慢悠悠看看橱窗，逛逛公园。
有时干脆停下脚步，四处张望。
现在看来，一定是这种明显的毫无目的的游逛，使我倒了霉。
3.Then I made my big mistake.At the time I was nineteen,had long untidy haie,and regarded myself as part of the sixties’“youth counterculture”.As a result,I wanted to appear cool and unconcerned with the incident,so I said,“How long have you been following me?”in the most casual and conversational tone Icould manage.我犯了一个大错误。
其时我年方19，留一头蓬乱的长发，自认为是60年代“青年反主流文化”的一员。
所以我想装出一副冷漠的、对这一事件满不在乎的样子。
于是我尽量用一种漫不经心的极其随便的腔调说，“你们跟踪我多久啦?”4.I thus appeared to them to be quiet familiar with this sort of situation,and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.这样一来，在他们眼里，我就像是非常熟悉这一套的了，也使他们更加确信我是一个地地道道的坏蛋。
5、I wanted to conduct my own defence in court, but as soon as my father found out what had happened, he hired a very good solicitor. We went along that Monday armed with all kinds of witnesses, including my English teacher from school as a character witness.我想在法庭上作自我辩护，但父亲知道这事后，马上请了一位高明的律师。
我们星期一出庭的时候，带了各种各样的证人，其中包括我中学的英语老师，做我人品的见证人。
6、The magistrate dismissed the case after fifteen minutes. I was free. The poor police had never stood a chance. The solicitor even succeeded in getting costs awarded against the police.法官就驳回了对我的指控。
我无罪获释。
可怜的警方败诉，我的律师甚至让法庭责成警方承担了诉讼费用。
7、And so I do not have a criminal record. What was most shocking at the time was the things my release from the charge so clearly depended on.这样，我的履历上没有留下犯罪的记录。
但当时最令人震惊的，是那些显然导致宣布我无罪的证据。
8、Given the obscure nature of the charge, I feel sure that if I had come from a different background, and had really been unemployed, there is every chance that I would have been found guilty. While asking for costs to be awarded, my solicitor’s case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a “brilliant academic record”.从对我指控的这种捕风捉影的做法来看，我肯定，如果我出身在另一种背景的家庭里，并且真的是失了业的话，我完全可能被判有罪。
当我的律师要求赔偿诉讼费时，他公然把辩护的证据建立在我“学业优异”这一事实上。
UNIT21、The other night at the dinner table, my three kids—ages 9,6 and 4—took time out from their food fight to teach me about paradigm shifts, and limitations of linear thinking and how to refocus parameters.不久前的一个晚上在餐桌旁，我的三个孩子--年龄分别为9岁、6岁和4岁--暂时停止争抢食物，腾出时间教我认识什么是范式变换、什么是线性思考的局限以及如何重新看待相关的各种素因。
2. My kids were doing what Copernicus did when he placed the sun at the center of the universe, readjusting the centuries-old paradigm of an Earth-centered system. They were doing what Reuben Mattus did when he rena med his Bronx ice cream Häagen-Dazs and raised the price without changi ng the product. They were doing what Edward Jenner did when he discove red a vaccination for smallpox by abandoning his quest for a cure.哥白尼把太阳视为宇宙中心，重新调整了地心说这一长达数世纪的范式，我的孩子们正做着哥白尼当年做的事。
鲁宾·马修斯把他的布朗克斯冰淇淋改名为哈根达斯，在不改变产品的情况下提高了价格，我的孩子们正做着鲁宾·马修斯做过的事。
爱德华·詹纳放弃了寻找治疗天花的特效药，从而发现了能预防这一疾病的疫苗，我的孩子们正做着爱德华·詹纳做过的事。
3.Instead of studying people who were sick with smallpox, he began to study people who were exposed to it but never got sick. He found that they’d all contracted a similar but milder disease, cow pox, which vaccinated them against the deadly smallpox.他不去研究得了天花的患者，而去研究接触天花却从未染上此病的人。
他发现他们都患了一种类似天花但比较轻微的疾病：牛痘；牛痘使他们得以防止染上致命的天花。
4.They were refocusing the parameters. They were redefining the problems. They were reframing the questions. In short, they were doing what every scientist who’s ever made an important discovery throughout history has done.They were shifting old paradigms.他们在重新看待相关的各种因素。
他们在重新认识他们的问题。
他们在重新表述他们的问题。
总之，他们正做着历史上有过重大发现的科学家都曾做过的事：他们在改变旧的范式。
5.Every kid who framed the question differently than“Which is not a fruit?”would have been wrong.Maybe that explains why so many of the world’s most brilliant scientists and inventors were failures in school,themost notable being Albert Einstein,who was perhaps this century’s most potent paradigm-shifter.是没有把问题解读为“哪个不是水果”的孩子都是错的。